Healthcare reform and modernization shall definitely take into account changes in citizens’ needs for medical care. That’s why population structure studies, its change anticipation, demographic tendencies analysis play a significant role in the industry planning. For years Ryazan has been considered a region with a regressive type of a population structure wherein the number of people older than working age is higher comparing to the people younger than working age. It’s necessary to increase public health efficiency in order to improve the demographic situation. It can be possibly reached due to the optimization of the organization, the amount and structure of the provided medical care on basis of demographic determinants and their tendencies analysis.