The importance of biomarkers to predict recovery following total hip arthroplasty (THA) is still unclear to clinicians. To assess the preoperative biomarkers of patients with pseudoarthrosis of the femoral neck and their dynamics in the early postoperative period after THA, 50 patients aged 33 to 82 years old, 18 males and 32 females diagnosed with pseudoarthrosis of the femoral neck after failed internal fixation and failed conservative management were studied. The control group consisted of 30 healthy people aged 27 to 50 years, 13 males, 17 females. Patients’ blood was examined for biochemical markers upon admission, and then on the 7th and 14th days after surgery. Their blood serum content of total protein, albumin, glycoproteins, sialic acids, chondroitin sulfates, haptoglobin, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase, GGT, acid phosphatase, thymol index; interleukins (IL-1, IL-4 and IL-6.) and C-reactive protein was measured. The content of glycoproteins in the blood exceeded normal by 2.3 times, chondroitin sulfate by 4.7 times, sialic acids by 1.5 times, haptoglobin by 55.8%, fibrinogen by 19.1%, globulin by 19,6%, alkaline phosphatase activity by 72.3%, IL-1 by 94.7 and IL-6 by 3 times, C-reactive protein by 2.6 times. After THA there was a gradual decrease in blood biochemical and immunological markers. The most informative laboratory markers were glycoproteins, chondroitin sulfates, sialic acids, haptoglobin, activity of alkaline phosphatase, IL-1, IL-6 and IL-4, and C-reactive protein. Subsequent research is required to validate these dynamics.

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The article is devoted to increasing the preserving and survival of piglets in conditions of industrial cultivation, where their organism is exposed to constant effects of adverse technological factors. The state of stress that occurs in this case leads to a decrease in the rate of growth and resistance of the young to a variety of diseases and can ultimately cause death of animals. One of the most promising directions for preventing the negative effects of stress and increasing the overall resistance of the piglet organism is the search, development and introduction of dietary supplements that increase physiological processes in the body, improve metabolism, increase the energy of growth, increase the yield of meat products. The purpose of the work was to find out the physiological state of a piglet organism during the period of weaning at the influence of the biologically active feed supplement «Praimiks Bionorm K» in the conditions of the SEPC «Komarnivsky». The research was carried out on piglets of 5 – 60-day-old age of the Poltava beef breed. Technological stress was the weaning of piglets at 40 days of age and the group maintenance of them with a change in the structure of the ration during the growing season. Piglets of the experimental group, together with the main feed, were additionally fed with «Praimiks Bionorm K» in the amount of 9.0 g/100 kg of feed (manufacturer – biotechnology company «Ariadna» Odessa). According to the results of the conducted research, it was found that the process of adaptation of the organism of the piglets of the control group to the stress isolation after 5 days was accompanied by an increase in blood hemoglobin concentration in 1.35 times (P < 0.01), the number of leukocytes – by 1.21 times (P < 0.05) at the expense of rodent and segmental neutrophils and monocytes – 1.54 times (P < 0.01), with a decrease in the number of eosinophils – 3.0 times (P < 0.001) and lymphocytes – 1.15 times (P < 0.01), compared with the period before weaning. 20 days after weaning in the K group, there was a decrease in the number of eosinophils in the blood by 2.25 times in the blood and lymphocytes by 1.25 times (P < 0.01), in the increase in the cellular and segmental neutrophils by 2.15 and 1.90 times, monocytes – by 1.85 times (P < 0.01) in comparison with the period before weaning. Neutrophilia, lymphopenia and eosinopenia were the most pronounced and persistent signs of stress in the piglets of the K group that arose out of the regulatory influence of glucocorticoids. While using biologically active feed supplement «Praimiks-Bionorm K» 5 days after weaning in the blood of piglets, the content of hemoglobin increased by 1.26 times; after 20 days its concentration increased by 1.22 times, as well as the increase in the number of leukocytes in 1.22 times (P < 0.01), neutrophils of rod-nuclei – 2.0 times, segmental ones – 1.37 times (P < 0.01), compared to control. The obtained results indicate that the use of BAFA «Praimiks Bionorm-K» allows to prevent the development of stressful events in the piglet organism, improve the status of the cellular level of nonspecific resistance and the level of productivity during the period of weaning and at different stages of development of the stress reaction after weaning.

The article presents the data of domestic and foreign literature on the changes that occur in the bird of industrial cultivation for the development of technological stress. Stress factors are outlined, among which the most significant for the bird organism is the high density of content, the microclimate of the production premises, the conditions of content and composition of the diet, vaccination, transportation. Investigators include high excitability, fear, aggressiveness, anxiety, fatigue, loss of appetite, and disturbance of behavioral reactions of young chickens, quail, ducks, and industrial growth to inadequate changes in external and internal environmental factors. Common signs of stress in the mature chickens, quails, ducks during the development of technological stress set premature mass maturation, decrease and complete cessation of oviposition, reproductive function, weakening of muscle tone. In stress, the activity of all systems of an organism, directed on self-defense and adaptation to new conditions of existence, strains. A prerequisite for the development of stress-reaction is to strengthen the function of the glands of the inner secretion and especially the hypothalamus system – the anterior part of the pituitary gland – the adrenal cortex. It has been established that in the process of adaptation of the organism to the action of adverse factors the concentration of blood sugar increases due to the cleavage of the glycogen in the liver, the mobilization of lipids from the fat depots increases, the intensity of metabolic processes in the adipose tissue increases, and this ensures an increase in the concentration of fatty acids in the blood. The negative influence of stress factors on resistance, immunological reactivity, microbiocenosis state, functioning of the digestive system, preservation and productivity of the bird population are shown. These states are directly related to the activity of the hormonal and autonomic nervous systems and are determined by nonspecific protective factors of the organism. Different ways of correction of disturbed homeostasis are shown. The effectiveness of the use of probiotics, symbiotics, humic substances in the poultry diet is given to prevent the development of negative stress phenomena in their body. It is proved that the management of the processes of development of adaptive ability of the bird organism is one of the key aspects of the development of the corresponding complex of technological measures of their growing and feeding that is conducive to the increase of economic efficiency. The search for methods for the prevention of stress in poultry farming is aimed at eliminating the etiological factors of stress, the removal of birds resistant to stress, the use in feeding substances that reduce the response to the action of adverse stimuli or increase resistance to the organism. Affecting the formation of adaptive reactions of the bird organism long before the stress, as well as in the development of the adaptive syndrome, it is possible to implement its prophylaxis, that is, to ensure the consistent functioning of all physiological systems and the activation of protective forces through the use of biologically active harmless feed additives in diets.

The body of  broiler chickens is characterized by a high metabolism, which promotes rapid growth and development, but their performance indicators are largely related to housing conditions, which are known to include a number of technological stressors. With the development of stress in the body of poultry changes the course of metabolic processes, which causes changes in all types of metabolism, including protein. The aim of the study was to determine the changes in individual indicators of protein metabolism in the body of broiler chickens against the background of combined stress when included in the diet “Reasil Humic Vet” + “Laktin” and “Reasil Humic Health”. At 13th day of life, all clinically healthy poultry were exposed to combined stress – revaccination (intranasal Newcastle disease) plus cold stress (for 60 minutes by air conditioning and 5 °C in the vivarium). Material for research was selected for 3 days after the action of the stress factor (stage of anxiety), 13, 20 and 26 days after the action of the stress factor (the resistance stage). The material for the study was blood plasma, which determined the concentration of total protein, as well as the content of albumin, globulin fraction (α1, α2, β, γ). It was found that 3 days after the action of stress in chickens of Control group the development of adaptive reactions is manifested by the stability of the total protein content and redistribution of the fractional composition of plasma globulins in the form of increased albumin and α2-globulins. At different stages of development of the stage of resistance in birds of Control group, the content of total protein decreases by an average of 14.6 % due to the content of albumin by 6.9 % and α2-globulins – by 15.9 %, against the background of increasing α1- and γ-globulins by 23.1 and 33.5 % with the stabilization of individual studied indicators at the final stages of development of the resistance stage. The use in the diet of broilers feed “Reasil Humic Vet”, probiotic feed supplement “Laktin”, feed “Reasil Humic Health” under the influence of complex stress helps to increase the intensity of protein metabolism in poultry with the development of adaptation syndrome, as evidenced by the growth of total protein on average by 37.8 % (P < 0.05) and albumin – by 17.0 % (P < 0.05), which indicates an increase in the intensity of protein-synthesizing properties of the organism. In different periods of stress in the blood of broiler chickens Research groups there is an increase in the ratio of individual protein fractions, especially the content of γ-globulins - an average of 21.3 % (P < 0.05), which indicates an increase in the immune status of their body with a predominance of numerical values in the Research 1 group of poultry.