In this paper we revealed the problems of development of border rural areas, causing their low economic and social attractiveness. We determined that the development of border rural areas involves the formation of mechanisms for the growth of economic and social activity. The methodological basis of the study is the concept of development of border rural settlements as the most important parts of the economic space. This development is based on the integrated use of economic, social and environmental resources while launching innovative and diversification projects as part of the regional development strategy. We showed the need to form a network of growth centres throughout the region, just as competing for economic, social and environmental resources, so complementing each other in terms of integrated use of resources. The global mission of border rural areas in the innovation economy as well as possible incentives to increase the socio-economic attractiveness of rural areas have been identified. The need for state support for cross-border rural areas was economically justified by identifying opportunity costs. A policy of “smart” protectionism and its effectiveness for the development of border rural areas was described. We proposed a model and main mechanisms for the development of economic, social and environmental activity in the border rural areas. We also revealed the specifics of development of border rural areas of the Republic of Buryatia where world heritage sites are located.

In this study we address the problem of finding mechanisms for capacity building of border areas. We have identified the obstacles to their development: prohibitions on economic activities in border areas, relatively large military forest and land holdings, and potential economic pressure from neighbouring states on businesses and population. The main preferences for their development: interests of neighbouring states in resources and markets formation of transport corridors; intermunicipal, socio-cultural and ethno-religious cooperation. We considered the processes of administrative reassignment of regions between federal districts as a mechanism of problem-based management for regional spatial development by grouping the regions with similar problems. We also discussed the examples of such mechanisms (and their limitations) to increase the economic and social attractiveness of border areas -including territories of priority development and preferential mortgages. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the use of an integrated approach to capacity building of border areas through consistent administrative, organizational economic and social mechanisms. This approach can be applied to the design of strategic planning programmes for the spatial and socio-economic development of border areas, including through cross-border cooperation.

В данной статье исследованы проблемы и перспективы внешнеэкономического отношения России и Монголии в современных условиях новой мировой геополитики. А также влияние на экономическое положение введенных санкции ведущих стран мира, исследованы причины роста и спада товарооборота, рассмотрены доли Монголии во внешнеэкономической деятельности и товарообороте России. Кроме того, рассмотрена проблема товарооборота в условиях ограничений из-за пандемии. Исследования показали, что введенные санкции и всемирная пандемия серьезно повлияли на экономические отношения России и Монголии.Ключевые слова: товарооборот, санкции, граница, экономические отношения, мировая геополитика, пандемия, внешнеэкономическая деятельность. This article examines the problems and prospects of foreign economic relations between Russia and Mongolia in the modern conditions of the new world geopolitics. As well as the impact on the economic situation of the imposed sanctions of the leading countries of the world, the reasons for the growth and decline of trade turnover are investigated, in addition, the share of Mongolia in foreign economic activity and trade turnover of Russia is also considered. In addition, the problem of trade turnover in conditions of restrictions due to a pandemic is considered. Studies have shown that the imposed sanctions and the global pandemic have seriously affected the economic relations between Russia and Mongolia.

This paper examines the most important vectors of cross-border cooperation between Russia and China, reveals the impact of the imposed sanctions against Russia by the leading economic powers (USA, EU, Japan, South Korea and other countries) on economic indicators. It is obvious that the imposed sanctions had a rather serious impact on the socio-economic situation of the Russian Federation, especially in a difficult situation the border regional territories, which before the introduction of the sanctions had certain preferences compared to other regions that were deep in state territories. On the basis of statistical data and a comparative analysis of the Russian Federation and China, a rather detailed conclusion was made of a serious negative impact on trade and economic activity and cooperation between Russia and China, as well as the sanctions imposed by the leading countries of Europe, Asia and the United States. In addition, the authors investigated the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on foreign economic activity and cooperation between the Russian Federation and China. The studies have shown that the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on trade and economic activity is insignificant compared to the sanctions imposed by the leading economic states. In the context of the new world geopolitics, it is necessary to determine the direction of the vector for the development of foreign economic activity and cooperation between Russia and China, we believe that it is necessary to concentrate the vector on the further development of foreign economic cooperation, including through more active use of the potential of border areas