The article discusses the features of professional socialization of foreign students studying in Russian universities, taking into account the value, dialogical nature of the educational process and the leading role of the cultural component in it. The professional socialization of foreign students is considered from the standpoint of a humanitarian (post-non-classical) pedagogical paradigm, at the center of which is the position of a person as a carrier and exponent of the values of national and world culture, as well as on the process of assigning values in the dialogue through the identification of their meanings. Two aspects of the professional socialization of foreign students at the stage of professional education are considered: adaptation to the educational conditions of a Russian university and appropriation of values, mastery of the knowledge, skills and behavior necessary for the successful professional activities and interaction with representatives of the professional community. The article presents the results of an empirical study conducted among students -foreign citizens planning to study at the Volgograd State Socio-Pedagogical University and allowed to identify prerequisites for successful professional socialization of foreign students. The features of professional socialization of foreign students based on the dialogue of cultures are characterized: assignment of professional values as a starting point of professional socialization, identification of concepts meanings of professional thesaurus, inclusion of students in the wide social environment for the purpose of professional culture values assignment.