When a wind power system is connected to a network point there is a limit of power generation based on the characteristics of the network and the loads connected to it. Traditionally, transmission line limits are estimated conservatively assuming unfavourable weather conditions (high ambient temperature, full sun and low wind speed). However, the transmission capacity of an overhead line increases when wind speed is high, due to the cooling caused by wind in the distribution lines. Dynamic line rating (DLR) systems allow monitoring real weather conditions and calculating the real capacity of lines. Thus, when planning wind power integration, if dynamic line limits are considered instead of the conservative and static limits, estimated capacity increases. This article reviews all technologies developed for real-time monitoring during the last thirty years, as well as some case studies around the world, and brings out the benefits and technical limitations of employing dynamic line rating on overhead lines. Further, the use of these DLR systems in wind integration is reviewed.

Abstract-Commercially available sag-tension programs give good results for most practical applications. However, they have some limitations concerning gap-type conductors. A separate aluminum and core creep calculation is needed due to the especial structure of gap-type conductors. For the same reason, different core and aluminum lengths have to be considered. In order to take into account the creep during the installation process, flexibility for the consideration of several stages is needed. A method that considers all these characteristics has been developed and implemented in a comprehensive, versatile and flexible sag-tension software tool, called STOC (StrainTension in Overhead Conductors). The program has been designed for the analysis of gap-type conductors. However, the method is a general method that can be used for any type of conductor, especially when flexibility for the calculation of several creep conditions is needed.

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Abstract-At the present time, there is great pressure to increase the power flow in existing right of ways using existing infrastructure as far as possible. In this paper, the diverse options for increasing the rating of overhead lines are presented and analyzed. By means of a comparative study, their advantages and drawbacks are highlighted. In addition, the factors that determine the choice of the method are analyzed.