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Alleles of avenin-coding loci were identified in 24 varieties of common oat origin from 6 different breeding centers of the Russian Federation. It was found that 33% of the studied varieties are homogeneous. Heterogeneous varieties contain from 2 to 10 biotypes. The analysis revealed 67 different genotypes, ten of which are found in the spectra of several varieties at once. Despite the presence of matching genotypes, all the studied varieties differ in the genetic formulas of avenin, the number and frequency of occurrence of biotypes. This makes it possible to effectively identify and distinguish oat varieties sown by Russian breeding using the method of prolamin electrophoresis. The analyzed groups of varieties are characterized by high values of genetic (0.54-0.79) and intra-population diversity, which indicates the stability of populations. The exception is varieties originating from the Irkutsk region, low values of genetic and intra-population diversity in the population of which may indicate the process of genetic erosion. Analysis of the frequency distribution of alleles of avenin-coding loci does not allow to determine whether oat varieties belong to certain breeding centers, which is associated with the introduction of the same genotypes into the breeding programs of different regions.

The sustainable development of the crop industry critically depends on increasing the stability of cultivated species through accelerated selection, selection of crops and varieties that complement each other, their adaptive zoning and increasing the varietal diversity of agroecosystems. Therefore, the analysis of the genetic structure of the gene pool and the assessment of the degree of genetic kinship using molecular genetic methods is necessary for achieving the most effective use of genetic resources. This study identified 28 polymorphic RAPD (random amplified polymorphic deoxyribonucleic acid) and ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeats) loci in spring triticale, wheat and oat varieties. The genetic distances of the studied varieties and breeding lines were calculated and found to vary from 0 to 1 for different markers. The data presented in this study should be utilised in future breeding research as it presents important insights into the hybridization and crossing of the source material located at a large genetic distance from each other.

Studies were conducted on the environmental variability of the quality of oat varieties depending on the growing conditions in the Khabarovsk territory (Russia). In recent years, the demand for high-quality oat grain has increased. The conditions for cultivating grain crops in the same soil and climate zone are very diverse. The research was aimed at studying the influence of the environment during the growing season on the quality of oats. It was noted that the most affected indicators were grain filminess (coefficient of variation (CV) is 16.8%) and the content of lysine in the grain (CV is 18.8%). To an average extent, the conditions of the year affect the characteristics of the protein content in the grain (CV is 10.1%) and the nature of the grain (CV is 14.5%), which is determined by the ecological fitness of oat varieties when cultivated in the region. The low variability of the 1000 grain weight trait (CV is 9.4%) indicates a weak response of oat genotypes to changes in environmental conditions. Based on a set of quality indicators, the varieties of oats Marshal, Cardinal and Peredovik. The Marshall oats variety was characterized by a high and stable protein and lysine content. In the variety Peredovik, a high mass of 1000 grains and a full grain weight were noted. Over the years of research, the Cardinal oat variety had a low pitting and a large mass of 1000 grains. We recommend them for sustainable crops of high-quality grain for various food uses. These varieties of oats are recommended for cultivation in the Khabarovsk Territory.

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