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Hemoglobinopathies evolved as a protective mechanism against malaria, which exhibit selective advantage in the heterozygous state. However, in a homozygous recessive condition, it poses a serious socioeconomic burden. Sickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive hemoglobinopathy associated with erythrocytes sickling, vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC), as well as multi-organ failure and death. The coinheritance of other hemoglobinopathies is known to substantially modulate the clinical manifestation of sickle cell anemia. In the present study, we aimed to analyze the coinheritance of β-thalassemia (β-thal) in Hb S (HBB: c.20A>T) patients. The study includes 918 sickle cell anemia patients from 10 ethnic populations of Chhattisgarh State, India. Complete blood counts (CBCs) and hemoglobin (Hb) high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fractionation data were collected from patient record books. We observed Hb S-β-thal in all the analyzed populations. Interestingly, high frequencies of Hb S-β-thal have been observed in Satnami (53.8%), Rawat (47.1%), Gond (35.1%) and Panika (30.6%) populations. Inter-population comparison of hematological parameters [Hb F (p < 0.001), Hb A (p < 0.001), Hb (p = 0.03) and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) (p < 0.001)] revealed significant differences. We also observed that mean Hb F levels were significantly higher in Hb S compared to Hb S-β-thal patients in the respective populations. Our study highlights the higher prevalence of β-thal as well as the compound heterozygosity for Hb S and β-thal in various populations of Chhattisgarh State, India.

SUMMARYGrowth and flowering studies were made for three years on the mango varieties Dashehari Langra and Nisar Pasand. The main growth periods were March July, March July and February-November respectively, with a peak in June for Dashehari and May for Langra, but Nisar Pasand showed no such peak. Flowering on shoots within one year of the previous flowering was recorded on 73 per cent of Nisar Pasand shoots, 38 per cent with Langra and 6 per cent with Dashehari. Nisar Pasand was shown to be a regular bearer.

The present paper deals with the multifarious uses of Moringa oleifera as a friend of human being in the State. The paper also deals with introduction, plant nomenclature, local names, morphology, distribution and flowering and fruiting times, multipurpose uses, nutritional, medicinal.

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