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Пространственные сведения имеют большое значение для решения ряда вопросов поведенческого характера. Такое направление исследований предполагает более широкое понимание социальной организации и поведения животных в группе. Несмотря на существование отдельных работ, посвященных этому вопросу, состояние освещения характера пространственных отношений у самок павианов гамадрилов в мировой литературе можно охарактеризовать как неудовлетворительное, что бесспорно порождает явную потребность изучения данного вопроса. Целью данного исследования является установление характеристик пространственных отношений у самок павианов гамадрилов, принадлежащих к разным гаремам, а также связи между пространственным положением самок и качеством отношений между ними. В общей сложности проведен анализ 253 пар самок павианов гамадрилов, принадлежащих к разным гаремам. Исследование пространственных взаимоотношений взрослых самок павианов гамадрилов показало, что ни размер односамцовой единицы, ни возраст самок, ни родственная связь, ни их ранг не являлись в полной мере предикторами, влиявшими на тенденцию гаремных самок поддерживать расстояние от 6 до 10 метров с другими самками группы. Установлено, что пространственные отношения между самками группы могут дать оценку аффилиативным отношениям, а также служить индикатором определения их социальных взаимодействий и влиять на сплоченность и целостность структуры группы в целом. Мы предполагаем, что полученные новые данные о пространственной структуре этих животных могут пролить свет на роль поведения самок в социальной организации павианов гамадрилов, а также на понимание эволюционной истории линии гомининов. Spatial information is of great importance for solving a number of behavioral issues. This line of research involves a broader understanding of the social organization and behavior of animals in a group. Although a number of sреcial works are devoted to this issue, the nature of spatial relationships in female hamadryas baboons is unsatisfactorily covered in the scientific literature, which undoubtedly calls for studying this issue. The purpose of this paper is to analyze spatial relationships in female hamadryas baboons belonging to different harems, and the correlation between the spatial position of females and the quality of relationships between them. In total, 253 pairs of female hamadryas baboons belonging to different harems were analyzed. Study of the spatial relationships of adult females of hamadryas baboons showed that neither the size of a one‑male unit, nor the age of the females, the kinship, or their rank influenced the tendency of harem females to maintain a distance of 6 to 10 meters with other females of the group. It was established that the spatial relationships between the females of the group can help to assess the affiliative relationships and serve as the predictors of their social interactions, and influence the cohesion and integrity of the group as a whole. We believe that the new data obtained on the spatial structure of these animals can shed light on the role of female behavior in the social organization of hamadryas baboons, as well as on understanding the evolutionary history of the hominin lineage.

Introduction. The study of the spatial relationships of hamadryas baboons is important both from a theoretical and practical point of view. The purpose of this study is to establish the characteristics of spatial relationships in female hamadryas baboons belonging to the same harem, as well as the connection between the spatial position of females in the harem and the quality of their relationships. Materials and methods. The subject of the study was a group of 25 adult female hamadryas baboons kept in a standard enclosure with an area of 600 square meters in the monkey colony of the Institute of Medical Primatology. The study was carried out using standard ethological methods. In total, 47 pairs of female hamadryas baboons of 5 harems were analyzed: 3 harems with 3 females, 1 harem with 5 females, and 1 harem with 8 females. Results. Analysis of the study showed that female hamadryas baboons spent most of their time in relative proximity to the females of their harem. It was found that a territory of 4 meters is a mobile one for the females contacting within their harem. It was found that neither the age of the females, nor the relationships or their rank were the predictors that influenced the established standards of spatial relationships in female hamadryas baboons. It is their relationship that can be considered as a factor that determines the tendency to maintain greater spatial proximity between the females. It was found that the distance between the females in harems is closely related to the quality of their relationships. Conclusion. It was found that in hamadryas baboons kept in corrals a fixed interindividual distance of 4 meters maintained by females is a mobile territory for females of their harem and serves as a condition for their normal interaction and coexistence. The established standard for the interindividual distance of females is a consequence of the harem structure of hamadryas baboons and does not have a direct relationship with age, rank and relationship. Maintaining greater spatial cohesion between individual females of the same harem is a consequence of their kinship. The spatial relationships of female hamadryas baboons can serve as an indicator for determining the quality of relationships between females of the same harem.

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