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Physical and cultural conditions are fundamental factors in creating the formation of a terraced agricultural landscape. Studying the formation of terraced landscape is essential in order to understand the interaction between human activities and the natural processes that can be used to strengthen the adaptive capability in response to climate change and environment control. Terraced agricultural landscape in Batukaru Mountain's slope was selected as one of major terraced rice landscapes in Bali. The spatial pattern distribution and characteristics of landscapes were investigated using geographical information system, and the indigenous knowledge mechanism behinds the sustainability was discussed physically and culturally. The results showed that the harmony between the vertical pattern of the landscape, shape of terrace, irrigation system and conservative vegetative landscape along the steep slope and high elevation has protected the landscape. The controlled irrigation system has assured water to flow from the top to the bottom and even to places that seem impossible to reach by natural river water. The intangible agricultural indigenous concept called Tri Hita Karana was adhered to in organizing the layout of landscape elements such as forest, temple, terraced paddy field, irrigation network, and settlement which will continue to affect the sustainability throughout years.

The effect of artificial lighting on visitors' perceptions and experiences in Sewaka Dharma City Park. Lighting is one factor that is quite important in a garden because it can make the environment comfortable and safe, especially at night. Sewaka Dharma City Park is a green open space in Denpasar which is equipped with various lighting facilities with aesthetic values. This study aims to identify the type and placement of artificial lighting, determine the perceptions and experiences of visitors to artificial lighting from the aspect of human needs and provide recommendations for artificial lighting designs in Sewaka Dharma City Park. The data collection methods used were observation, questionnaires, interviews, and literature study with tabulated data analysis, Chi-square test and descriptive analysis. There are eleven types of existing lights located in the pathway area, lawn, CPG (Children Playground), and youth park. The Chi-Square test shows that artificial lighting affects visibility and visual comfort aspects, but does not affect the visitor's security experience, which can also be interpreted that artificial lighting in Sewaka Dharma City Park fulfills security aspects so as to minimize unsafe actions for visitors. This study recommends the types and placements of artificial lighting in areas that have a high influence in supporting human needs from the aspect of visibility and visual comfort, namely in the CPG area and youth park.

Pohon pada lanskap jalan memiliki peranan penting secara fungsional dan estetika. Pohon dapat berfungsi sebagai keindahan dan secara fungsional sebagai pelengkap, penyatu, penegas, penanda dan pembingkai terhadap lingkungan. Bentuk tajuk pada pohon merupakan karakteristik yang paling menonjol tidak hanya secara estetika visual tetapi sebagai fungsi ekologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas visual bentuk tajuk pohon median jalan Prof. Dr. Ida Bagus Mantra yang dapat memenuhi kebutuhan psikologis pengguna dengan menggunakan indikator penilaian keindahan adalah scenic beauty estimation (SBE). Metode yang digunakan adalah metode observasi untuk menentukan titik lokasi yang akan digunakan sebagai simulasi serta metode kuesioner untuk mengetahui nilai SBE serta preferensi pengguna. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan nilai keindahan yang diambil pada tujuh paket foto simulasi bentuk tajuk pohon, yang memiliki nilai SBE tertinggi adalah bentuk tajuk globular (membulat). SBE sedang adalah bentuk tajuk pohon fastigiated (ramping, meruncing), bentuk tajuk pyramidal (kerucut), bentuk tajuk weeping (menjurai), bentuk tajuk picturesque (menarik), dan bentuk tajuk spread (menyebar). Bentuk tajuk pohon columnar (tinggi, meramping) memiliki kualitas visual atau nilai keindahan yang rendah yang berarti foto simulasi bentuk tajuk tersebut kurang diminati.

Evaluation of type and planting system at the median road of Ir. SoekarnoMedian strips the City of Saumlaki, Maluku Tenggara Barat. Planting plants in the median strip Ir. Soekarno was dominated by Trembesi trees (Samanea saman) with tree branches that grew beyond the median strip. It was quite dangerous for road users because the Trembesi trees can easily be fallen when exposed to strong winds. Despite its problems, the Trembesi tree had ecological potential benefits such as the highest oxygen-producing and pollutant-absorbing capacity. This study aims to determine and evaluate the types of plants in terms of the physical categories and functions of plants and spacing. This study was located in Ir. Soekarno Road, South Tanimbar District, Town of Saumlaki, Maluku Tenggara Barat Regency. The standard of assesment for median road plant used The Guidelines Regulation of Public Works Minister 2008. Survey method with quantitative descriptive approach was used was this study by taking four samples of the median road segment. The physical assessment results for the four samples varied, those were moderate, good, and very good. The assessment result of functions in each segment had been fulfilled the categories with good and very good criteria, howevere the function needs to be improved. The value of distance assessment for each segment varied, those were good and very good. In order to increase plant distance category, it was necessary to add plants in each segment.