Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh warna bulu yang berbeda terhadap keragaman morfologi itik Magelang dan keragaman genetik menggunakan analisis PCR-RFLP daerah D-loop DNA mitokondria (mtDNA) pada populasi itik Magelang dan itik lokal lainnya (itik Tegal, Mojosari, Bali dan Alabio) di Indonesia. Materi penelitian terdiri atas itik Magelang sebanyak 50 ekor dan itik lokal lainnya masing-masing 20 ekor yang diambil sampel darahnya. Karakteristik morfologi ukuran tubuh, kemampuan produksi maupun kualitas telur itik Magelang dianalisis menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan sebelas macam warna bulu yang berbeda sebagai perlakuan. Teknik PCR digunakan untuk mengamplifikasi fragmen pada daerah D-loop mtDNA dan produk PCR didigesti dengan menggunakan enzim restriksi endonuklease AluI and HaeIII. Penelitian ini berhasil menunjukkan bahwa secara statistik keragaman morfologi pada populasi itik Magelang dipengaruhi oleh perbedaan warna bulu. Analisis PCR-RFLP menggunakan enzim restriksi AluI and HaeIII berhasil memperoleh enam kombinasi pola restriksi fragmen, sehingga dihasilkan enam haplotipe (A, B, C, D, E and F). Perbedaan haplotipe tersebut menunjukkan adanya keragaman genetik pada populasi itik Magelang dan itik lokal lainnya. Disimpulkan bahwa perbedaan warna bulu mempengaruhi keragaman morfologi pada populasi itik Magelang dan keragaman genetik populasi itik lokal di Indonesia dapat diidentifikasi menggunakan analisis PCR-RFLP pada daerah D-loop mt DNA.

Central Java is the region that produces the second largest duck egg production in Indonesia or reaches 13.55% of the total national duck egg production. Therefore, duck farming in Central Java requires an economic evaluation to identify the success of the business. The economic analysis in the duck farm industry will update the latest statistics on production costs, outputs and profitability. This study aims to assess the analysis of laying duck business, which includes: marginal production costs, total net income and input-output ratio of duck egg production in various regions in Central Java, Indonesia. The study was conducted using a survey method using multi-stage sampling involving 120 duck farmers from the regency of Tegal, Brebes, and Pemalang. Each district was taken 40 farms as respondents by purposive random sampling with criteria for the number of breeders who had a minimum duck population of 100 ducks and a production period of 8-12 months. The analytical tools used include descriptive statistics and farm budgetary analysis. This study showed that duck breeders incur large costs to obtain production inputs, especially from feed aspects. Although three regencies reported profit based on the estimated input-output ratios, it is only a marginal profit that amounted to1: 1.382, 1:1.658, and 1:1.433 in Tegal, Brebes, and Pemalang, respectively. The conclusion of the study is the performance of duck farms in Central Java are still profitable even in the smallholder duck farm industry, with the highest profits obtained by farmers in Brebes Regency.

This experiment was conducted to study the morphometric and genetic diversity of Tegal, Magelang, and their crossbred ducks. Each ten female about twenty weeks old ducks from Tegal, Magelang, Gallang, and Maggal ducks, respectively, were used as the group materialss. The body weight, chest circumference, body length, shank length, neck length, and pubis width were recorded and tested by analysis of variance of one way classification as the morphometric characteristics. Polymorphism of cytochrome b (cyt b) gene on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was analyzed by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Genetic distance was analyzed based on value of heterozygosity, whereas the phylogeny tree was reconstructed using MEGA6 software. The results showed there were highly significant difference (P<0.01) on body weight, chest circumference, body length, and neck length between population, while shank and pubis width were not significant different. The genetic distance between Gallang and Maggal ducks (0.206) was higher than Tegal and Magelang ducks (0.169). It is concluded that the reciprocal crosses increased the morphometric and genetic diversity of Indonesian local duck population.

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan perbedaan kualitas fisik, kimia dan profile asam lemak pada daging entog (itik manila) dan itik lokal lainnya (Magelang, Tegal dan Mojosari). Pada penelitian digunakan metode eksperimental, dengan rancangan percobaan Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Faktor bangsa digunakan sebagai perlakuan yaitu Itik Manila, Magelang, Tegal dan Mojosari yang diulang sebanyak 5 kali. Analisis variansi dan uji beda nyata jujur digunakan untuk menganalisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan kualitas fisik daging pada warna, pH dan susut masak, sedangkan daya ikat air dan keempukan tidak berbeda nyata. Kandungan nutrisi secara makro yaitu lemak dan kolesterol dan protein relatif sama, akan tetapi persentase asam lemaknya berbeda. Entog memiliki kandungan asam lemak tak jenuh rantai ganda lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan itik lokal lainnya. Penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa daging entok memiliki kualitas fisik dan kimia relatif sama, akan tetapi profil asam lemaknya lebih baik dibandingkan dengan itik lokal lainnya. Daging itik manila lebih sehat dikonsumsi karena mengandung asam lemak tak jenuh rantai ganda lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan itik lokal lainnya. Kata kunci: Itik manila, itik lokal, kualitas daging, asam lemak ABSTRACTThis research was aimed to differentiate the meat physical, chemical and fatty acid profile quality in muscovy and other local ducks (Magelang, Tegal and mojosari). Completely Randomized Design was used in this study. Breed used as treatments was muscovy, Magelang, Tegal and Mojosari ducks repeated 5 times. Analysis of variance and honestly significant difference were used to analyze data. Result showed there were differences in physical quality of meat in the term of colour, pH, and cooking loss, while water holding capacity and tenderness were relatively similar. Fat, cholesterol and protein were relatively similar. Muscovy duck has a higher polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) than the other local duck. In conclusion, the physical and chemical quality of meat of muscovy and other local ducks were silimar. Muscovy duck meat is healthier to consume due to a higher polyunsaturated fatty acids than the other local ducks.

This research was aimed to investigate the different growth and to identify growth hormone gene polymorphism in Muscovy ducks. Two hundred Muscovy day-old ducks consisting of white-plumed male and female duck, black and white-plumed male and female ducks. Body weight was recorded weekly and the obtained data were subject to T test. Primer design used the Custal X Program based on a database from the GeneBank Cairina moschata GH gene, partial cds (AB158762). Primer base sequence of GH gene was forward/Sequence: 5’-CTGGGGTTGTTTAGCTTGGA-3’ and reverse/Sequence: 5’-TAAACCTTCCCTGGCACAAC-3’. The DNA sequences were aligned by using the BioEdit version 7.7 for identification of the single nucleotide polymorphism. The result showed that male Muscovy duck produced higher an average body weight gain and more relative growth than those of females. The highest body weight gain was at three weeks old, and then it started to decrease at four weeks old. The sequencing PCR product obtained nucleotide polymorphism. AA genotype was observed at 136 t of black female Muscovy duck, CC in black and white male Muscovy duck, and white female Muscovy duck. Conclusively, a body weight gain of 3-week-old male Muscovy ducks was higher than that of females and GH gene polymorphism was observed in Muscovy ducks.