Building and pavement, due to their impervious nature, are listed as some of the main causes for Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomena where the temperature in the urban area is higher than that of surrounding areas. Due to its characteristic that can absorb and release heat at a specific temperature, Phase Change Materials (PCM) has been widely used in building infrastructure as thermal regulation to combat UHI. However, the application of PCM in pavement infrastructure is still very limited due to a lack of study on this. This study analyses the Phase Change Material in asphalt concrete focussing on thermal properties, which is surface temperature. Experiments were carried out on a slab of wearing course with the PCM substituting the equivalent amount of mineral filler, and then compared with a slab of conventional wearing course. The study showed that the potential of PCM used in pavement mixture decreased the surface temperature of the pavement. The maximum difference of temperature of PCM and asphalt concrete mixture reached 120C.

Palm oil clinker (POC) is a non-biodegradable palm mill by-product typically discarded in dumpsites. This study analyzed the performance of POC powder (POCF) as bitumen modifier in terms of conventional and engineering properties of bitumen and asphalt mixture. For the study, base bitumen of 60/70 penetration grade was utilized and different POCF dosages (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8% by weight of bitumen) were added. The base bitumen was effectively modified with POCF and then characterized. The conventional and engineering properties of the modified bitumen and asphalt mixtures were assessed. From the characterization results, the formation of Si-O crystalline structure and a new Si-OH functional group was identified. Furthermore, a meandering pattern was observed due to the modification of the base bitumen with POCF. Based on the conventional test results it was revealed that the addition of POCF to the base bitumen resulted in a stiffer blend compared to unmodified bitumen. The addition of POCF improved the modified mixtures’ Marshall stability relative to the unmodified mixtures. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression modeling showed the influence and significance of POCF-MB, with R2 values of (95-99%). Finally, the 4-6% POCF dosage was found to be the optimum dosage, yielding the best performance in terms of the engineering properties evaluated.

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