Indonesia is one of the cocoa producing countries, where most of it is exported to foreign countries and the rest is marketed domestically. Indonesia cocoa export performance in the world market certainly opens up many opportunities. It is necessary to optimize the potency and competitiveness of its cocoa if Indonesia would make the cocoa exports as the driving of national economy. The objectives of this paper are to (1) analyze Indonesian cocoa performance in the global market compared to its competitors and (2) analyze the competitiveness and market position of Indonesian cocoa in global market and analyze the potency to develop market in 10 main trading partners. The data analysis methods used are the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Trade Specialization Index (TSI) and Export Product Dynamics (EDP). The result shows that the comparative competitiveness of Indonesian cocoa beans and processed cocoa is lower than that of other producing countries. However, Indonesia still has the potency to develop market for its cocoa products in several countries such as the United States, China, India, Canada, Mexico and Estonia. Some efforts to improve the competitiveness of Indonesian cocoa beans may be through the replanting for estates rejuvenation and the improvement of fermentation to improve the quality of cocoa beans. In addition, to enhance the export performance of cocoa base products in general, it is necessary to also improve the development of downstream line and processing industries.

Oil palm is one of Indonesia's non-oil and gas main export commodities. However, the productivity of oil palm, especially on smallholder oil palm plantation, is relatively low due to most farmers adopt noncertified seed. This study aims at assessing the impacts of oil palm certified seed and noncertified seed on production and farmers' income increase in West Kalimantan, as well as payback period of investment costs. A set of tools analysis were employed in this study, namely NPV, IRR, payback period, and ROI. The research results showed that the oil palm small holders adopting certified seed earned higher yield of 66.34% than those adopted noncertified seed. The first group also obtained higher NPV, IRR, and ROI of 79.45%, 31.84%, and 55.19%, respectively, than the latter. The farmers adopting certified seed were also able to return all investment more quickly. In the future, attempts to increase oil palm production should be prioritized through certified seed adoption and the planted area expansion. Enhancing certified seed production is necessary through oil palm experimental station capacity improvement in producing seed. The government should also encourage oil palm seed local producer along with strict supervision and guidance. ABSTRAKSawit merupakan salah satu komoditas ekspor utama nonmigas Indonesia. Namun, produktivitas sawit khususnya pada perkebunan sawit rakyat masih rendah akibat banyak petani yang menggunakan bibit tidak bersertifikat/palsu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat dampak penggunaan bibit bersertifikat relatif terhadap bibit tidak bersertifikat di Kalimantan Barat terhadap peningkatan produksi dan pendapatan petani, serta waktu kembali biaya investasi. Seperangkat analisis diterapkan untuk menjawab tujuan dari penelitian ini, seperti NPV, IRR, payback period, dan ROI. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa perkebunan sawit rakyat yang menggunakan bibit bersertifikat mampu berproduksi 66,34% lebih tinggi dari bibit tidak bersertifikat, serta memberikan NPV, IRR, dan ROI lebih tinggi masing-masing 79,45%; 31,84%; dan 55,19%. Petani yang menggunakan bibit bersertifikat juga mampu mengembalikan modal yang diinvestasikan lebih cepat dibanding petani yang menggunakan bibit tidak bersertifikat. Peningkatkan produksi sawit ke depan sebaiknya diprioritaskan dengan mendorong lebih banyak lagi petani yang menggunakan bibit bersertifikat terutama untuk menggantikan tanaman sawitnya yang sudah berumur tua, dan prioritas berikutnya baru perluasan areal sawit. Oleh karena itu, perlu upaya penyediaan bibit bersertifikat secara memadai melalui peningkatan kapasitas kebun percobaan sawit dalam memproduksi bibit, serta mendorong munculnya produsen bibit lokal melalui pengawasan dan pendampingan secara ketat. Kata kunci: kelapa sawit, bibit bersertifikat, kelayakan finansial, Kalimantan Barat NPV = 124.955.623 IRR = 25,94% Net BCR = 1,72 ANALISIS KELAYAKAN FINANSIAL PENGGUNAAN BIBIT BERSERTIFIKAT KELAPA SAWIT DI PROVINSI KALIMANTAN 159 BARAT I Ketut KariyasaLampiran 2. Analisis kelayakan finansial pengembanga...

<p><strong>English</strong></p><p>Soybean is one of the major food commodities in Indonesia and its demand increases both as direct consumption and for food industries. However, up to now domestic soybean production is only able to meet domestic demand of about 30 − 40%. To increase domestic production and reduce imported soybean, Indonesian government has issued soybean price policy. Research results in Banten, West Nusa Tenggara, and Central Java Provinces showed that soybean price policy of Rp7,600/kg − Rp7,700/kg was not able to encourage farmers to manage their soybean farming intensively and to grow soybean instead of other food crops (corn, green beans, peanuts). Thus, additional potential soybean production is estimated only 4.23%. Therefore, the government needs to review and readjust the level of current soybean price policy to encourage farmers to grow and manage their soybean farming intensively. Efforts to incr ease soybean production should not only be done through single price policy alone, but it should also be coupled with other policy instruments, such as the provision of good seed and site specific technology, infrastructure, and market acessibility improvement. </p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesia</strong></p><p>Kedelai merupakan salah satu komoditas pangan utama di Indonesia dan permintaan terhadap komoditas initerus meningkat baik untuk dikonsumsi langsung maupun untuk industri pangan. Produksi kedelai dalam negeri baru mampu memenuhi permintaan tersebut antara 30−40%. Dalam upaya meningkatkan produksi kedelai dalam negeri dan mengurangi jumlah impor, pemerintah telah mengeluarkan kebijakan Harga Beli Petani (HBP). Hasil kajian di Provinsi Banten, NTB, dan Jateng dengan menggunakan analisis keuntungan kompetitif dan melibatkan 180 petani contoh menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan HBP sebesar Rp7.600/kg–Rp7.700/kg belum mampu mendorong petani untuk mengelola usaha tani kedelainya secara intensif dan menggantikan lahan komoditas pangan lainnya dengan tanaman kedelai, sehingga potensi tambahan produksi kedelai diperkirakan hanya sebesar 4,23%. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah perlu meninjau dan menyesuaikan kembali besaran HBP kedelai yang berlaku sekarang untuk mendorong petani mau menanam kedelai. Upaya peningkatan produksi kedelai sebaiknya tidak hanya dilakukan melalui kebijakan tunggal HBP saja, tapi dibarengi juga dengan beberapa instrumen kebijakan lainnya, seperti penyediaan benih bermutu dan teknologi spesifik lokasi, perbaikan infrastruktur, dan akses pasar.</p>

The proliferation of Pasar Minggu in Bandung, especially in the area of Bandung Timur raises some positive and negative impacts. Among the negative impacts is the traffic jam, a heap of waste generated from trade activity, and environmental conditions were filthy and chaotic. If this is allowed to continue, the growth in the market on this week could be growing uncontrollably. As an initial study, it is necessary to explore the factors causing the Pasar Minggu in The Bandung Timur Region. Thereby expect to further of this research can be structured strategies to minimize the negative impact of market developments this week. Selected two sites in Bandung Timur Region namely Metro Region-Margahayu Raya and Jalan Ibrahim Adjie corridor area. The method used is descriptive quantitative data collection methods to survey the secondary data and the primary to the field using a questionnaire and interviews. Found the factors causing the Pasar Minggu in the Bandung Timur Region include: low cost of regular payments, a strategic location near the settlements, ease of transportation to reach the area of trade, traders generally stay not far away from the Sunday market, and the turnover of earning is big enough. Abstrak. Semakin menjamurnya keberadaan pasar minggu di Kota Bandung, khususnya di Kawasan Bandung Timur menimbulkan beberapa dampak positif dan negatif. Diantara dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan adalah kemacetan, timbulan sampah yang dihasilkan akibat kegiatan jual-beli, dan kondisi lingkungan yang kotor dan semrawut. Jika hal ini dibiarkan terus berkembang, maka pertumbuhan pasar minggu ini bisa menjadi semakin berkembang tak terkendali. Sebagai penelitian awal, maka diperlukan kajian mengenai faktor-faktor penyebab timbulnya pasar minggu di Kawasan Bandung Timur. Diharapkan dari penelitian ini dapat disusun strategi-strategi yang dapat meminimalisir dampak negatif dari perkembangan pasar minggu ini. Dipilih dua lokasi di Kawasan Bandung Timur yaitu Kawasan Metro-Margahayu Raya dan Kawasaan Koridor Jalan Ibrahim Adjie. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data adalah melakukan survey data-data sekunder dan primer ke lapangan menggunakan alat kuesioner dan wawancara. Ditemukan faktor-faktor penyebab timbulnya pasar minggu di Kawasan Bandung Timur diantaranya : murahnya biaya iuran rutin, lokasi yang strategis dekat permukiman penduduk, kemudahan sarana transportasi untuk mencapai lokasi berdagang, pedagang umumnya tinggal tidak jauh dari pasar minggu, dan omset penghasilan cukup besar.

This research aimed at analyzing the impact of maize price changes on the performance of small-scale broiler farming in Indonesia using a multimarket model analysis. The multimarket model analysis is partial equilibrium analysis that contains six blocks of equations: prices, supply, input demand, consumption, income and equilibrium. This model analysis was originally designed in General Algebric Modelling System (GAMS) using the Path NLP solver. Employed data in this study were classified into 3 types, namely: (1) production and input, consumption, and household income; (2) inputs and outputs, and (3) elasticities. Decreased domestic maize price was responded by farmer through reducing maize planted area and fertilizers uses. It further had undesired impact on the maize production and maize farmer's income. Whereas, this policy had positive impact on meat production and small-scale broiler farming income. The opposite impact will happen on those variables, if government increases domestic maize price. This policy caused the maize demand for feed industry decreased. As a result of this condition, it decreased the chicken meat production and small-scale broiler farming income.