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Today, the tugs operatingin ports are of a different type and capacity and mostly depend on ship size and port-external conditions of the port (wind, waves, current and shallow water). The main risks at ports, which are pointed out by some authors, can be classified as follows: poor ship and port staff knowledge and training; the human factor in general; poor maintenance of port tugs; poor communication between all parties during a ship’s arrival at or departure from the port, as well as mooring operations (in the case that the ship’s crew, port pilot and tugs masters communicate in different languages); poor or outdated tug equipment; poor safety culture. When the vessel navigates in areas with hazardous sections of the waterway, entering and leaving the port, as well as when performing mooring operations to ensure the necessary maneuverability of the vessel and maintain navigational safety at the proper level, line and/or port pilots, escort and harbor tugs are additionally involved. The most dangerous are situations of a ship's power plant failure during maneuvering in confined waters when tugboats become the only means of control that can prevent an accident. During pilotage in international waters, the process of interaction between the ship's crew, pilots and tugs is complicated by the presence of language and cultural barriers, which complicates effective synergy. Therefore, proper training is essential to maintain an adequate level of safety. In this paper, a plan for maneuvering with the use of the operational effort of tugs in extreme situations has been developed, and a checklist for organizational and administrative preparation of the ship's controls for operation in extreme conditions has been proposed.

Risk is like queering someone or something valued to an unknown or anticipated danger, harm, or loss. Even though there is no such universally accepted general definition of risk, but one commonly applied and authoritative resolution in most industrial contexts defines risk as “A combination of the probability, or frequency, of occurrence of a defined hazard and the magnitude of the consequences of the occurrence.” According to the International Maritime Organization (IMO), risk is the “combination of the frequency and the severity of the consequence”, thereby articulates two components of the likelihood of occurrence and the probability of severity of the (un)predictable consequences. “Safety management objectives of the company should establish safeguards against all identified risks” so has been stated in the paragraph 1.2.2.2 of the ISM Code (International Safety Management Code). However, this does not determine any particular approach to the risk management theory, and it is for the company itself to choose methods appropriate in accordance with its organizational structure, its ships and trades. The methods could vary accordingly but how ever more or less formal they are, they should be well organized and planned if assessment and responses are meant to be completed and act effectively.

The paper analyzes hydrometeorological phenomena in the port of Chornomorsk. Changes in climatic conditions over the past 5 years have been identified. The most dangerous directions and speeds of winds, waves, which affect the operation of the port, have been determined. Analyzed the precipitation and the frequency of occurrence of various meteorological phenomena (thunderstorms, fogs, blizzards) in recent years. Conclusions were made on the unfavorable conditions of the port. Ensuring the safety of navigation during entry and exit from the port is one of the most pressing problems. Analysis of hydrometeorological conditions helps to reduce the number of accidents that occur due to ships grounding and bulkheads on the berth. Knowing the weather conditions in the port water area, you can ensure the safety of navigation. To compile a statistical analysis of the hydrometeorological characteristics in the port, a study of the logs of meteorological observations for every day over the past 10 years, as well as the cadastres of the seaports of Ukraine was carried out. The result of this analysis is the receipt of unfavorable factors that hinder the operation of the port in normal mode. It was also possible to establish the most unfavorable phenomena that limited the possibility of entering and leaving the port, as well as the months in which these phenomena are possible. Analysis of the parameters of the hydrometeorological situation allows us to conclude that the industrial activity of the port largely depends on the state of the weather and the sea. unfavorable meteorological phenomena reduce the efficiency of work and can pose a threat to the safety of their conduct. Various weather and sea phenomena affect port operations in different ways. The production activity of the port is largely dependent on the state of the weather and the sea, since unfavorable meteorological phenomena reduce the efficiency of work and can threaten the safety of their work. Various weather and sea phenomena affect port operations in different ways.

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