The properties of the yrast states for 100-110 Pd even–even (e–e) nuclei have been established. The relation between the moment of inertia 2ϑ/ℏ2 and the square of the rotational energy (ℏω)2 has been drawn to identify the back-bending that may occur at a certain state for each isotope. The relation between gamma-energy over spin Eγ/I as a function of spin I has been drawn to determine the evolution in each isotope ranging from vibration to rotational properties. The suitable limit in the interacting boson model IBM-1 has been used to calculate the yrast states for each isotope, which are then compared with the experimental results.

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The authors report new high-resolution photoabsorption spectra of indium in the 5s-subshell excitation region. The observations were made in the first order of a 3 metre vacuum spectrograph equipped with a 6000 lines/mm holographic grating using synchrotron radiation as the background source of the continuum. The Rydberg transitions 5s-25p 2P1/2 to 5s5p(3P0,1,2, 1P1)np have been observed and extended to higher n values. A few transitions from the thermally populated 5s25p 2P3/2 level have also been detected.

We report the properties of gamma soft O(6) of 128Ba isotones with neutron N = 72 using Interacting Vector Boson Model (IVBM), interacting Boson Model (IBM-1), Bohr-Mottelson Model (BM), and Doma-El-Gendy (D-G) relation. The first energy level ( ) and ratio  have been investigated which show that 128Ba has gamma-soft character. The curves Eγ/Vs.J of E-GOS of even 128Ba nucleus were compared with the standard curves of vibrational, gamma soft and rotational limits. The staggering factors were studied of available measured data of 128Ba nucleus. The yrast levels of this isotope are calculated by the model of VBMI, IBM-1, BM and D-G and they were compared by measured data. The negative parity band of 128Ba was calculated by IVBM and BM model and compared with experimental values.