The review provides a comparative analysis of the inhibitory effect of macrocyclic polyene antibiotics on the reproductive properties of some viruses of various structures — vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), enterovirus, influenza virus, etc. The data on the morphological structure of viruses and on the mechanism of penetration of viruses into cells are presented. The article also provides data on the transcription, assembly of viruses, and inhibition of the process of virus replication in cell cultures in vitro using macrolide polyene antibiotics. On the basis of experimental data for the studied viruses, a polyene antibiotics' blocking mechanism of the process of virus penetration through cytoplasmic membranes and their reproduction in the cell is proposed.

Protein composition and native state of chlorophylls were analyzed in two wheat (Triticum durum L.) genotypes with different tolerance to drought, Barakatli-95 (drought-tolerant) and Garagylchyg-2 (drought-sensitive), during water deficit. It is shown that the plants subjected to water deficit appear to have a slight increase in alpha- and beta-subunits of CF1 ATP-synthase complex (57.5 and 55 kD, respectively) in Barakatli-95 and their lower content in Garagylchyg-2. Steady-state levels of the core antenna of PS II (CP47 and CP43) and light-harvesting Chl a/b-apoproteins (LHC) II in the 29.5-24 kD region remained more or less unchanged in both wheat genotypes. The synthesis of 36 kD protein and content of low-molecular-weight polypeptides (21.5, 16.5, and 14 kD) were noticeably increased in the tolerant genotype Barakatli-95. Drought caused significant changes in the carotenoid region of the spectrum (400-500 nm) in drought-sensitive genotype Garagylchyg-2 (especially in the content of pigments of the violaxanthin cycle). A shift of the main band from 740-742 to 738 nm is observed in the fluorescence spectra (77 K) of chloroplasts from both genotypes under water deficiency, and there is a stimulation of the ratio of fluorescence band intensity F687/F740.