Trichoderma viride Persoon ex. S.F. Gray aggr. and Penicillium funiculosum Thom. were used as biotic cultures. Paper sheets made of recycled fibres with the addition of 0%, 3%, 5% and 10% of cereal bran, were used as test samples. Tests of breaking length (according to PN-EN ISO 1924-1:1998) and the degree of fungal infestation were performed on the 2nd, 4th, 7th, 10th, 14th and 21st days after infestation to quantify the resistance of the paper to biodegradation. The surface of each sheet of paper was scanned using a FT-NIR spectrometer. It was found that the addition of wheat bran increased susceptibility to fungal colonisation, compared to the samples without any bran. Degradation of paper colonised by Ch. globosum was more advanced. FT-NIR analysis revealed that spectra displayed the most significant difference in the wavenumber bands 4280 cm-1 , 4404 cm-1 and 4620-4890 cm-1 , which correspond to CH, CH 2 and OH functional groups of cellulose. Differences in FT-NIR spectra were in good agreement with the reference methods and, therefore, this technique has the potential for monitoring the paper biodegradation process.

This study analyzed feasibility of manufacture of composite particleboards resinated with a mixture of phenol-formaldehyde resin and 4,4′-methylenediphenyl isocyanate in the weight ratio 70:30. For this purpose 3-layer particleboards were produced with varying shares of Kraft scrap paper pulp in the core. Experimental boards were manufactured applying 0, 10, 15, 25, 50 and 75% substitution of wood chips with Kraft paper pulp. Analyses were conducted to determine physico-mechanical properties of boards, i.e. bending strength, modulus of elasticity, internal bond before and after the boiling test and swelling in thickness after 24 soaking in water. Based on recorded testing results it was stated that moisture resistant composite boards manufactured with a 25% substitution of wood chips with Kraft paper pulp meet the requirements of the EN 312 standard for boards used in humid conditions in terms of their strength and moisture resistance specified in the internal bond after the boiling test. 162 Universidad del B í o -B í o Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología 20(2): 161 -170, 2018 International-Union-of-Forest-Research-Organizations Location: Brisbane, AUSTRALIA Date: AUG 08-13. 2005. de Melo, R.R.; Stangerlin, D.M.; Santana, R.R.C.; Pedrosa, T.D. 2015. Decay and termite resistance of particleboard manufactured from wood, bamboo and rice husk. Maderas-Cienc Tecnol 17(1): 55-62. Nicewicz, D.; Pawlicki, J.; Borysiuk, P.; Zado, A. 2006. Application of waste paper in manufacturing of particleboards. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum, Silvarum Colendarum Ratio et Industria Lignaria 5(1): 163-171. Nourbakhsh, A.; Ashori, A. 2010. Particleboard made from waste paper treated with maleic anhydride. Waste Management & Research 28(1): 51-55. Park, H.J.; Oh, S.W.; Wen, M.Y. 2012. Manufacture and properties of miscanthus-wood particle composite boards. Journal of Wood Science 58(5): 459-464. Przybysz, K. 1997. Pulp and paper technology. Paper Technology [in Polish]. Wydawnictwo Szkolne i Pedagogiczne, Warszawa. Taramian, A.; Doosthoseini, K.; Mirshokraii, S.A.; Faezipour, M. 2007. Particleboard manufacturing: an innovative way to recycle paper sludge. Waste Management 27(12): 1739-1746. Tikhonova, E.; Lecourt, M.; Irle, M. 2014. The potential of partial substitution of the wood fibre in hardboards by reject fibers from the paper recycling industry.

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