The article shows the economically valuable features the spring barley and analyzes the most relevant varieties for growing on the farm. It is studied that many varieties of the spring barley with competitive genetic potential of productivity have been created in Ukraine, which in 2021 makes 181 varieties. It is shown that the use the best varieties and high quality  seeds is one the most effective means of economic growth in the agro-industrial sector. In recent years, there has been an increase in the spread various diseases of plants spring barley, leading to significant yield losses. We analyzed modern methods of plant selection which allows faster searching new markers with partial resistance to diseases. It is shown that one the strategic direction of modern agriculture development is its biologization — the use of biological means to obtain quality products crop and the reproduction of fertility soils. Modern views on the effective use of biological preparations of different spectrum of action in the technologies of growing crops were presented. It is established that the use ecologycally safe technologies for growing spring barley is relevant. This does not only increase resistance to adverse conditions and phytopathogens, but increases yields and improves grain quality. We analyzed liquid microfertilizer Oracle and complex natural-synthetic preparation Vimpel 2, products of Dolyna company. These preparations have an inhibitory effect on plant diseases and building stimuli of natural plant immunity. Analysis of scientific and technical literature allows us to conclude that the urgent task is to find ways to regulate phytopathogenic microorganisms to ensure the harmonious flow of biological processes in the soil, improve plant nutrition, and the formation of full-fledged plant-microbial associations, which allows controlling the development and spread of pathogens.

During 2020, on the basis of stationary and temporary field experiments, which are located in the Skvуra Research Station of Organic Production of NAAS, Nosiv SDS and the Institute of Vegetable and Melon NAAS were studied quantitative composition of the soil micromycetes under different agricultural crops: winter wheat, spring barley and onion. The vegetation period in the Kyiv region was characterized by – sufficiently moist (HTC 1,7), and in Chernihiv and Kharkiv regions drought prevailed (HTC 0,6). Adverse weather conditions such as drought or waterlogging are crucial factors in changing the number of mycobiomes in the studied soils.Stationary field experiments in the selection Nosivka during the ontogenesis winter wheat characterized the greatest number pedatrophic and less number of amylolytic, cellulosolytic ecological-trophic groups. The stationary experiments field researches were also conducted in Skvyra Research Station of Organic Production. Where the rhizosphere soil under spring barley crops is characterized by a larger number of micromycetes, as well as amylolytic and cellulolytic ecological-trophic groups. Was determined the number of soil micromycetes the main ecological and trophic groups. The rhizosphere soil on the stationary field of the Institute of Vegetable and Melon NAAS during the ontogenesis of different varieties of onions characterized by high number cellulosolytic group of micromycetes, which despite the decrease in the hydrothermal coefficient increased by the end of the growing season of the culture.Therefore, the interaction between plants and micromycetes is a dynamic process in which the hydrothermal coefficient during the growing season, soil type, and the root system of agricultural plants, this influences the formation of soil mycobiome.