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The Orenburg region belongs to the dry-steppe regions with a sharply continental climate, the efficiency of crop production in which depends on the amount of precipitation. Due to the natural and climatic conditions of the region, precipitation in the form of snow is used irrationally, which leads to a decrease in the amount of potential soil moisture. Lack of moisture negatively affects the quality of crop production processes and the state of the soil itself. To solve this problem, it is proposed to implement measures for mechanized snow retention in agricultural fields. Technical and technological disadvantages of the classic mechanized snow retention are established. Negative components of the classical technology are the need for additional costs for winter events and the forced additional impact on the soil of heavy equipment. As a solution to the problem, it is advisable to accumulate snow on high stubble residues formed simultaneously with the process of harvesting grain crops. It was found that for the Orenburg region, taking into account the natural and climatic features, it is advisable to use a Reaper for two-phase harvesting of grain crops by a batch method with a device for the formation of high stubble residues. A dependence was established to determine the optimal share of the field area with stubble residues for effective snow retention. The optimal values of the interdependent parameters of the Reaper reel and the reel of the stubble residue formation device are revealed. The analysis of experimental field studies showed that the formed stubble residues allow accumulating the amount of snow, which increases the moisture reserves in the soil in the spring period by about two times. The feasibility study of the proposed solution showed the feasibility of its application and allowed us to establish the level of profit from the increase in yield due to an increase in the amount of moisture in the soil as a result of snow retention.

The article discusses the methods of harvesting grain crops. The emphasis is placed on a separate method involving the use of roller harvesters. A variant of a roller harvester operating by batch technology is considered. The standard methodology of substantiation of optimal parameters and modes of operation of the harvester conveyor is analyzed. As a result, it was found that such a technique is not suitable for establishing the appropriate indicators of the conveyor of the batch header due to its technical and technological features. A particular technique for determining the optimal modes and parameters of the conveyor of a batch harvester is proposed and justified, taking into account its design and technological features and the possibility of minimizing grain losses, and in conclusion the results of its application are presented.

In this paper we consider the structural and technological process of the combine used in the process of separate harvesting of grain crops, as well as a number of its parameters. Among the main units of the combine, we allocate a conveyor and devices for removing beveled stems from under the wheels of the vehicle. The principle of operation of the conveyor at different phases of the Reaper and especially the removal of cut stems from under the wheels of the vehicle during operation of the Reaper. The results of theoretical studies on the establishment of the optimal design of the parameters of the belt conveyor are presented, the ranges of their optimal values are considered and determined. Studies on the establishment of optimal parameters of the screw divider in the Reaper, which is the main component of the device for removal of beveled stems, are presented. Taking into account the optimal design and mode of operation of the screw divider, the correct work is provided to remove the cut stems from under the wheels of the harvester.

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