Th e search for new mechanisms of development and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remains relevant. In recent times, signifi cant attention has been drawn to investigation of the role of intestinal microbiota as a risk factor in different of metabolic disorders and CVD development. In pathological conditions, microbiota may act as an independent factor defi ning the adverse prognosis of the disease, exert infl uence on drug metabolism and facilitate production of pharmacologically active secondary metabolites capable of inducing side eff ects. Th is review presents data on the connection between intestinal dysbiosis and arterial hypertension and chronic heart failure and also discusses methods and new developments aimed at dysbiosis correction. Attention is focused on important aspects of personalised therapy for patients with consideration for the infl uence of human microbiome on individual variability of the reaction to medicinal products. In light of the high incidence and mortality of CVD, active studying of intestinal microbiota and the search for means of dysbiosis correction will make it possible to obtain additional tools for management of the risks of cardiovascular pathology development.