No abstract

The objective – to study the dynamic changes for the health risk of the population of the industrial center in accordance with the state of atmospheric air pollution with carcinogenic compounds. The assessment of the state of atmospheric air pollution was carried out by us based on the results of physicochemical analysis of samples taken in places attached to the locations of stationary posts of state monitoring. The concentration of identified substances was determined by conventional methods: spectral-luminescent and gas chromatographic. Heavy metal concentrations were determined using data from the Central Geophysical Observatory of the Ministry of Emergency Situations. The calculation of the inhalation load of chemical carcinogens and the risks associated with them (non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic) was carried out in accordance with domestic guidelines. The assessment of dynamic changes in the nature of atmospheric air pollution with a complex of carcinogenic substances was made 5 of them are constantly recorded at levels exceeding hygienic standards. When compared with the reference concentrations, all compounds are characterized by high coefficients, indicating the likelihood of their effect on the body's immune system, respiratory organs, malformations, etc. A high individual carcinogenic risk of the effect of chromium VI and nitrosamines was determined. A total carcinogenic risk is formed at levels of 2.5 – 3.9×10-3, which should be considered as high; this requires development and implementation of preventive measures. On the territory of the industrial center, a high level of air pollution with increased carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk is stably registered.

The aim: of this work was to experimentally study the modifying role of toxic substances (phenol) in the manifestation of genotoxic and immunological changes in the body when exposed to a carcinogen (benzo[a]pyrene). Materials and methods: Investigations were carried out in the chronic experiment on white random-bred male mice. Genotoxic (micronucleus test), immunologic and pathomorphological methods were used. Results: As a result of the experiment on white outbred mice during the isolated peroral administration of benzo[a]pyrene (a single dose of 0.1 mg) and in combination with phenol (single doses of 0.1 mg; 0.002 mg) a carcinogenic effect (forestomach papillomas) has been established as well as general patterns of the manifestation of genotoxic and immunological changes regarding carcinogenesis and their dependence on the dose and duration of the administration of the substances in the early stages of the experiment. The established patterns involved parallelism of development and unidirectionality of the genotoxic effect (increasing of micronucleus incidence) and suppression of the T-cell immunity by the end of the month as well as reliable negative correlation between them. Conclusions: It has been established that phenol has a modifying effect on carcinogenesis, which was shown as an increase in the micronuclei frequency, intensification of immunosuppression in the early stages and an increase in the multiplicity factor of the development of forestomach tumors.

* Роботу виконано в межах планової наукової тематики ДУ «Інститут громадського здоров'я ім. О. М. Марзєєва НАМН України» «Територіальні особливості поширеності ендокринної та гормонозалежної онкопатології і роль хімічних канцерогенів атмосферного повітря у її формуванні» (державний реєстраційний № 0118U003701). Установою, що фінансує дослідження, є НАМН України. Автори гарантують повну відповідальність за все, що опубліковано в статті. Автори гарантують відсутність конфлікту інтересів і власної фінансової зацікавленості при виконанні роботи та написанні статті. Рукопис надійшов до редакції 14.05.2019.

The aim of the work was assessment of the criterial significance of the complex of early immunological reactions of the organism, pathomorphological and genotoxic changes in the organs for the acceleration of testing and hygienic assessment of carcinogenic danger of chemical substances. Materials and methods: Investigations were carried out in the chronic experiment on white random-bred male mice and included 2 series of the investigations: 1 – application of benz(a)pyrene on skin in different doses (10.5μg; 2.1μg; 0.21μg); 2 - peroral administration of benz(a)pyrene and phenol (single dose - 0.1 mg). Genotoxic changes in skin and forestomach were assessed with the help of micronuclear test. Results: Under carcinogen exposure, regardless of routes of administration we determined an increase frequency of the cells with micronuclei and suppression of T-link of immune system during the first month which were characterized by a parallelism of development, unidirectional relative to carcinogenesis and presence of reliable reverse correlative connection between them. In the period between the 1t and the 3d months we observed a stabilization of the number of cells with micronuclei and deepening of immunosuppression at the expense of the suppression of humoral chain of the immunity. Conclusions: The obtained data became a basis for the development of methodic scheme of accelerated testing of the chemical substances under investigations for carcinogenicity and hygienic setting of genotoxic carcinogens.