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High concentrations (272 +/- 33 ng/ml) of urogastrone-epidermal growth factor were measured in prostatic fluid from normal males by a specific radioimmunoassay. Significantly lower concentrations (155 +/- 24 ng/ml) were observed in the prostatic fluid of patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy than in the age-matched normal controls (2P less than 0.01). The growth factor content of seminal fluid was accounted for by the contribution of prostatic fluid. Immunochemical studies failed to show evidence of synthesis within the gland nor could high affinity receptors for the protein be demonstrated in membrane preparations of the gland.

It has been known for over thirty years that extracts of human urine could cause inhibition of gastric acid secretion. The active principle was called urogastrone and this has now been isolated using a series of twelve simple stages of partition, gel and ion-exchange chromatography. In fact two products were obtained, each in a yield of less than l mg per 1000 / urine, which represented an overall recovery of 3-5%. These materials were biologically indistinguishable, causing inhibition of gastric acid secretion in a variety of circumstances at doses of less than 1 Mg/kg. The purified urogastrones were found to be acidic polypeptides composed of 53 and 52 amino acid residues with three internal disulphide bonds, and they differed by only one arginine residue. Neither threonine nor phenylalanine residues were present in the urogastrones. Isolierung von Urogastronen (Hemmstoffen für die Magensäuresekretion) aus menschlichem UrinZusammenfassung: Seit über dreißig Jahren ist bekannt, daß Extrakte aus menschlichem Urin die Magensäuresekretion hemmen können. Das Urogastron genannte aktive Prinzip wurde in 12 einfachen Reinigungsstufen durch Verteilungs-, Gelund lonenaustausch-Chromatographie isoliert. Es wurden zwei Produkte in einer Ausbeute von jeweils weniger als l mg/1000 / Urin erhalten (Gesamt-Wiederfindung 3 -5%). Diese Substanzen lassen sich biologisch nicht voneinander unterscheiden (getestet in ihrer die Magensäuresekre-tion hemmenden Wirkung bei Dosen von weniger als l Mg/kg unter verschiedenen Bedingungen).

Urogastrone is a potent inhibitor of gastric acid secretion isolated from human urine and it is structurally related to and shares the properties of a potent mitogen-mouse epidermal growth factor. The amounts of urogastrone in 24 h normal human urine samples were measured using a specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay. Values varied from 120--1360 ng/kg/24 h but a significant difference (2P less than 0.005) was observed between urine samples from men (602 +/- 41 SE, n = 39) and women (782 +/- 44 SE, n = 33). A series of 24 h urine collections from male and female volunteers showed that wide variations could occur over a 4 week period in the individual output of urogastrone. Levels from women did not show variations that could be related to the stage of the menstrual cycle.