Present condition, scientific concepts and ways of further development of diagnosis problem of elementary soil processes and genetic nature profiled-differentiated gleyed soils of the Pre-Carpathian region, known as brownish-podzolic, brownsoil-podzolic and sod-podzolic, based on stable indicators of soil properties are studied. Eluvial-illuvial differentiation nature of the soil profile of the studied soils is founded. The aim of research was to develop criteria for the diagnosis of elementary soil processes and genetic nature profiled-differentiated soil deposits of Ciscarpathia and discovering of the parameters of the relevant indicators of soil properties. The soil profile with his characteristic set of genetic horizons and morphological characteristics can result from taking place of both various set (kit) of ESP and of varying intensity of individual processes (complex ESP). Formation of genetic soil type is caused by the course of the profile forming (main) process with the possible participation of several (related) processes. An important condition for the diagnostic determination of profile-differentiated soils in the Ciscarpathia is the search for reliable diagnostic criteria for basic elementary soil processes (ESP) which play a crucial role in the genesis and determine their macromorphological characteristics: lessivage, podzolisation, gleying and eluvial-gleying processes. Diagnostic criteria of the elluvial processes resulted in gross chemical composition of the soil (molecular ratio), particle size distribution (loss sludge) and mineralogy silt fraction (montmorillonite content) were tested. The criteria for establishing genetic origin of the Pre-Carpathian soils, podzolization and eluvial-gley processes detection and their possible parameters were suggested. Followed the impact of the prevailing development of individual creating profile elementary soil processes (podzolization, eluvial-gley and gleying) by laboratory simulation modeling of soil regimes that are conducive to them (washing, water stagnant and contrast) for evaluative indicators of acid-base soil buffer and made the conclusions about the possibility of these processes isolation. Eluvial-illuvial differentiation of Ciscarpathia typical soils is coursed by passage of profile forming process of podzolisation (acid hydrolysis, podzolic) and related from the group of eluvial - eluvial-gleying process and lessivage. They are diagnosed by the gross grain and chemical composition of the soil and the content of montmorillonite. Brown soil forming processes have a significant impact on the formation of humus status and physical and chemical properties of the studied soil. Substantiated differences forming the group composition of humus and fractional composition of humic acids of soils formed underbrownsoil formation processes from the sod soils type (the ratio of humic acids to fulvic acid, gumatcalcium content, optical density of humic substances). Advantages and disadvantages of using quantitative identification criteria - profile humus accumulation factor in the genetic diagnosis of soil type are analyzed. In the conditions of wash and contrasting modes of moisture, causing the priority development processes of podzolisation and  gleye- eluvial respectively a similar trend of formation of acid-base buffer capacity of soil and similar parameters of evaluating indicators within the soil profile are observed. It is impossible to separate the processes of podzolisation and  gleye- eluvial using the indicators of acid-base buffering. Describing of profile structure, morphological and genetic traits of genetic horizons, the profile distribution of acid-base buffering indicators (even without the use of criteria based on gross chemical and grain composition and content of clay minerals) help to clear identify brownish-podzolic gley soils of Ciscarpathia.

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Elementary soil processes, as components of the soil-forming process, play an important role in the formation of morphological and genetic features of soils and are used for their genetic diagnosis. Eluvial-illuvial differentiation of the background profile for Precarpathian soils is due to the passage of processes from the group of eluvial, in particular podzolization, silting and gley-eluvial. The diagnostic criteria for these processes remain controversial and need further development. The article provides some justifications for their objectivity and reliability in identifying individual processes of soil formation and the results of establishing the genetic consequences of their passage. The formation of clay cutanes in the illuvion is considered to be an important sign of lessivage, but the presence of one and a half oxides may also indicate the passage of the processes of podzolization and in-soil clay forming According to another criterion - the presence of "optically oriented clays" in the illuvion is difficult to establish their migration path and the intensity of the lessivage process. Increasing the value of the ratio of silt content to the content of physical clay in the illuvial horizons compared to the eluvial horizons does not allow to distinguish the processes of podzolization and lessivage, and the same ratio in the illuvial horizon compared to the parent rock - lessivage and clay forming. Changes within the profile of the mineral part of the soil, which are reflected by the molecular ratios of SiO2:Al2O3 and eluvial-accumulative coefficients of aluminum, the values of silt and aluminum losses, also the profile distribution of montmorillonite are important criteria for the separation of loess and podzolization and indicate the decisive role of the latter in the formation of the profile differentiation of the soils of Precarpathians. Important criteria for gley-eluvial processes are higher losses from the upper podzolic illuminated of Fe2O3 layer than Al2O3, an increase in the molecular ratio of Al2O3:Fe2O3, the ratio of losses of Fe2O3 and Al2O3, also increase the criterion SiO2:Fe2O3/SiO2. Complementing the national system of parameters for the diagnosis and classification of soils with criteria that are characteristic of the substantive-genetic approach according to the WRB requires further study.

УДК 332.3 Смага і.С. Чернівецький національний університет імені Юрія Федьковича еКономічна оцінКа орних земель за нормаТивними вихідними даними анотація. Запропоновано один з можливих шляхів встановлення показників економічної оцінки земель за ефективністю вирощування зернових культур (без кукурудзи). За нормативами урожайності та виробничих витрат на вирощування зернових культур (без кукурудзи) на різних за родючістю ґрунтах розраховано окупність виробничих витрат та диференціальний рентний дохід у натуральному та грошовому вираженні. Встановлено закономірності формування дохідності орних земель залежно від генетичної природи та гранулометричного складу ґрунтів. За алгоритмом методики економічної оцінки земель сільськогосподарського призначення розраховано окупність (ефективність) витрат та диференціальний рентний дохід за фактичними результатами господарської діяльності аграрних підприємств Сокирянського земельно-оціночного району Чернівецької області з вирощування зернових культур періоду останнього туру робіт з економічної оцінки земель. Наведено причини зниження ефективності використання та дохідності орних земель в сучасних умовах. Проаналізовано ретроспективні показники економічної оцінки орних земель у розрізі окремих ґрунтових відмін за статистичними даними з вирощування зернових культур (без кукурудзи) та сучасні нормативні їх значення. Ключові слова: нормативи, ґрунтові відміни, зернові культури, урожайність, економічна оцінка земель, виробничі витрати, окупність витрат, диференціальний дохід.

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