Flexible pavement covers three quarters of the total local roads including Sabah. An ideal flexible pavement should have sufficient thickness to distribute the load to subgrade but not overdesign which cause extra cost. This research paper is conducted to develop an expert system for flexible pavement design in Sabah. It is aimed to reduce the hu-man error during the design phase in order to ensure the road quality. Sabah is selected as the location as Sabah is developing state that involve many on-going highway and flyover construction. Besides, expert system is important in this modern era to replace manual calculation that waste time and energy. Information about flexible pavement is collected through literature review from previous research papers and from human experts who have years of experiences in road construction. The information obtained is analysed and coded using Visual Basic Net. programming language on Microsoft Visual Studio. An expert system for flexible pavement design in Sabah is developed with a given name, ES-FPD. For validation test, comparison is made between results obtained from ES-FPD and manual calculation by expert evaluator. The results show ES-PFD passed both evaluation test and validation test. ES-FPD is considered to be verified and can be used.

Landfill leachate is well known as contains a high concentration of pollutants and threatens our environment as well as human life. Therefore, this study investigates the potential of ozonation (O3) and tin tetrachloride (SnCl4) in remedying stabilised landfill leachate (SAL). The performance of this treatment is evaluated by measuring the percentage removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and colour at different dosages, pH, and reaction times. The optimum percentage removals recorded for colour and COD were 98% and 83.2%, respectively, at an optimum dosage ratio (COD: SnCl4) 1:1.25, reaction time of 60 min and pH 8.5. Moreover, the biodegradability ratio of the sample also shows an improvement from 0.03 to 0.28, using this treatment. Thus, these data show that the oxidation process has a great potential to remediate recalcitrant pollutants like leachate