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ель исследования. Изучить нормальную МСКТ-и фМСКТ-анатомию слуховой трубы. Материалы и методы. Было исследовано 15 здоровых добровольцев (30 слуховых труб). Средний возраст составил 32,4±1,14 года. Всем добровольцам провели МСКТ и функциональную МСКТ. МСКТ проводили в спиральном режиме по программе костной реконструкции с толщиной среза 0,5-0,625 мм. фМСКТ проводили в динамическом режиме по программе мягкотканной реконструкции с толщиной среза 0,5 мм. Были применены расчеты средних значений показателей по группе и их стандартных отклонений, сравнение средних величин. Результаты. Костную часть слуховой трубы визуализировали в аксиальной проекции при проведении МСКТ. Получены средние значения ширины костной части перед перешейком и на уровне места прикрепления мышцы, напрягающей барабанную перепонку, которые составили 1,1±0,21 мм и 3,82±0,4 мм соответственно. Также получили среднее значение толщины медиальной стенки костной части слуховой трубы, которая составила 1,1±0,15 мм. Хрящевую часть слуховой трубы на всем протяжении визуализировали в аксиальной и косой проекциях при проведении фМСКТ с помощью пробы Вальсальвы. Получены средние значения подвижности хрящевой части слуховой трубы: средняя амплитуда подвижности просвета в области перешейка составила 2,02±0,12 мм, средняя амплитуда подвижности просвета в области хрящевой части 3,31±0,35 мм, средняя амплитуда подвижности просвета в области глоточного устья 7,94±0,55 мм. Выводы. Полученные данные можно использовать для детальной оценки состояния каждой конкретной структуры слуховой трубы.

The article aims for description of glandular/lymphoid interactions within digestive tract over the postnatal ontogenesis which is of special importance for clinical immunology. We have examined lingual salivary glands obtained from 299 autopsies, using macroscopic and histological techniques. Their age ranged from newborns to senile individuals; both males and females were included. The biological material was sampled at the local pathology departments at the Moscow Bureau for Forensic and Medical Expertise, according to approval by Russian federal law (No. 323, art. 47, 4180-1, 355н). The cases with pathological changes of digestive system revealed upon autopsies were excluded from evaluation. The transverse tissue sections were stained with H&E and picro fuchsin by van Gieson technique.The minor salivary lingual and pharyngeal glands, being located in the depth of tongue and pharyngeal walls, perform an important endocrine function, i.e they participate in oral immunity responses. A lot of publications concerns regenerative changes of oral mucosa caused by secretory IgA which plays a main role in regulation of local immunity. The article describes important age-dependent changes of both lingual and pharyngeal minor salivary glands. Typical scarcity of the glands in childhood may be caused by the uniform nutrition at this age, whereas decreased secretory IgA production, is generally leading to development of common inflammatory events in the oropharyngeal area. With increasing age, the glandular apertures become wider and more numerous, thus leading to increased local immunity in oral cavity and oropharynx. Sufficient involutional changes are observed in old and senile age cohorts, accompanied by diminished secretory IgA production, and, respectively, by decreased indexes of local and humoral immunity. These results are entirely reflecting topographical interrelations between the glands and lymphoid cells, and appropriate data are quite important for clinical immunology.

Introduction: The overall results of stapes surgery considerably depend on the anatomy peculiarities of complicated temporal bone's structure. Materials and methods: 37 persons (63 ears) with otosclerosis participated in the study. All patients have been examined by microotoscopy, audiologic tests, MDCT. The niche of vestibular window was assessed in all ears on the following criteria: the width and form of the niche, the presence and absence of overhanging of facial nerve canal and promontorium over the vestibular window, the width of the stapes footplate, stapes cruses width, distance to the internal wall of vestibule. All 63 ears underwent stapes surgery. Results: Overhanging of facial nerve canal over the vestibular window were observed in 14 ears, overhanging of a promontorium -in 9 ears, protrusion of facial nerve canal -in 6 ears. Wide niche was observed in 45 ears, narrow-in 18. The rectangular shape was observed in 18 ears, trapezoid-in 32, triangular-in 13. Thickening of a stapes footplate observed in all 53 ears. Thickening of stapes cruses noted in 11 ears. Distance to the internal wall of a vestibule less than 2мм noted in 5 ears, more than 2мм-in 58. The stapedoplasty was performed in 63 ears: 44 the "standard" piston stapedoplasty; 14 the "aim" piston stapedoplasty; 5 the "standard" piston stapedoplasty with stapedectomy. Sensitivity of MDCT was 95,2%, specificity-98,4%, accuracy-96,8%. Conclusion: The MDCT-criteria allows estimating the complexity of the surgery, to plan surgery thoroughly, to predict the outcome.