No abstract

Pneumonia often occurs as secondary infection post influenza disease and accounts for a large proportion of the morbidity and mortality associated with seasonal and pandemic influenza outbreaks. The antiviral drug triazavirine is licensed in Russia for the treatment and prophylaxis of acute respiratory infections, including influenza A and B viruses. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of triazavirine in a mouse model of secondary Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia following A/California/04/2009 (H1N1)pdm09 influenza virus infection. We also performed a study of the efficacy of triazavirine against the A/California/04/2009 (H1N1)pdm09 lethal influenza infection in mice. In this model, triazavirine at the dose of 25 mg/kg/day significantly enhanced the survival of animals (60% compared to 20%) and the mean survival time to death, prevented weight loss, and reduced viral titer in the lungs of mice infected with influenza virus. At doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg/day, triazavirine was highly effective in the treatment of the secondary bacterial pneumonia following influenza infection in mice. At these doses, triazavirine protected 67-75% of animals against death, increased the mean survival time to death by twofold, and reduced the virus titer by 2.2-3.0 log 10 TCID 50 /ml compared to the mice in the control group. These findings suggest the possible benefit of triazavirine treatment in reducing post influenza pneumonia incidence in humans.

Elderly above 60 years old are more interested in getting vaccinated against influenza and are the group with the higher administration percentage, in 2016-2017 season was 68,4% while in 2017-2018 season reached 69%. A positive trend was noticed on the vaccination coverage for health care workers from 60% in 2016-2017 to 72% in 2017-2018 season.Conclusion: During the last three years there is an increase commitment on influenza vaccination from government and other partners. Nevertheless, there is still need to keep influenza vaccination, among the priorities within the health agenda. The administration of influenza vaccine among target risk groups has been increased but remains very low among them due to lack of access to the vaccine. Meanwhile the well-functioning government influenza vaccination program of health care workers is showing good results.

Сущность проблемы Интерес к сибирской язве, относящейся к группе заболеваний, вызывающих чрезвычайные ситуации в области санитарно-эпидемиологического благополучия населения в международном мас

The victorious march of civilization throughout the history of mankind is associated with a change in cultural diversity. The leveling of differences is due to both the natural erasure of cultural borders (trade, the progress of infocommunication technologies with subsequent globalization), and the direct interest of states in increasing internal stability by minimizing intercultural clashes. Observing the available historical examples from Antiquity to our time, it becomes possible to identify a close relationship with the actions taken by political actors, directly or indirectly.Scientific and technical progress, especially in the field of infocommunications (so obviously used by political actors for their own purposes), brining globalization, undoubtedly caused damage to cultural diversity. The new reality of the digital world, leading to the apogee of the process of mixing, at the same time, offers many tools and opportunities to preserve cultural diversity, allowing one, for example, to be involved in the world economic process, in its geographic region, preserving its culture, traditions and beliefs. The pace of development of the digital civilization suggests that in this process, very soon (in the life of one generation), fundamental changes will occur.