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The creation of rare plant species collections in vitro is one form of natural flora protection and effectivemethod of ex situ gene pool conservation. The results of introducing in vitro more than 80 rare plant species from the RedBook of Russia are summarized. The clonal micropropagation protocols allowing to obtain a sufficient plants number inorder to restore natural populations and preserve rare plant species were developed. The conditions for a long deposit havebeen specified. The optimal explant types for long-term conservation in vitro were determined for plants of different lifeforms: shoot fragments containing one or two metameres for woody and semi-woody plants, renewal buds for herbaceousplants, bulbils or their segments for bulbous plants.

Реферат. Разработаны научные основы формирования и методологические аспекты сохранения редких, ценных видов и сортов растений в генетическом банке in vitro. Показана определяющая роль сахарозы и факторов культивирования (температуры, освещенности) для замедленного роста эксплантов. Для растений разных жизненных форм на основе комплекса показателей (частота регенерации, органогенетический индекс, эффективность микроразмножения) определены оптимальные типы эксплантов для длительного сохранения в условиях in vitro.Ключевые слова: биологическое разнообразие, клональное микроразмножение, генетический банк in vitro Summary. The scientific basis of formation and methodological aspects of conservation of rare, valuable plant species and varieties in the genebank in vitro were elaborated. The determining role of osmotic (sucrose) and cultivation factors (temperature, light intensity) for slow explant growth was shown. The most optimal explants for long-term in vitro conservation of different plant life-forms based on the complex of factors (regeneration frequency, organogenetic index, micropropagation efficiency) were determined.

Results of many research years on in vitro formation and conservation of genetic plants' bank of rare and endangered species in the Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Peculiarities of plants' cultivation and conservation in vitro related to different families were revealed. The main methodological aspects at the stages of obtaining axenic culture, micropropagation and long-term deposition are reflected. The main criterion in choosing the optimal explant type for both taxa introduction into the culture in vitro and for long-term reproduction and conservation is the plants’ life form. The nutrient media formulations and cultivation factors for slow explants’ growth of the studied crops and conservation of their viability were optimized. It was revealed that when selecting optimal conditions of cultivation and conservation it is necessary to consider the biological features of the taxon.

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