A B S T R A C TYoung people in Puerto Princesa, the Philippines, are drawn to working as salespeople for AIM Global, a purveyor of the nutritional supplement C24/7. The company relies on multilevel marketing, in which sellers recruit other sellers, offering youth not only the chance to earn money but also educational discounts, access to bank cards, and an opportunity to develop do-it-yourself entrepreneurial skills. Trainers encourage sellers to capitalize on their intimate relations, to tailor the supplements to assuage aging clients' metabolic-health anxieties, and to use C24/7 themselves so that they can testify to its benefits. Such "sociometabolic" work is omnipresent in urban settings, where workers in beauty salons and gyms likewise promise to mitigate the material, bodily disturbances caused by toxic environments and precarious living conditions. [multilevel marketing, youth, sociometabolic labor, relational work, aspirations, nutritional supplements, metabolic health, ecology, Philippines] Ang mga kabataan sa Puerto Princesa, Pilipinas ay nabibighaning magtrabaho bilang mga ahente ng AIM Global, ang kompanya na nagtitinda ng C24/7, isang nutritional supplement. Ang kompanya ay nakasalalay sa multilevel marketing o networking kung saan ang mga kasapi ay nag-aanyaya ng iba pang kasapi upang lumaki ang pagkakataong kumita. Para sa mga kabataan, ang pagsali ay AIM Global ay isang pagkakataon hindi lamang para magka-pera kundi pati na rin mabigyan ng mga diskwento sa matrikula, magkaron ng account sa banko, at makamtan ang iba't ibang kaalamang pang-negosyo. Ang mga sumasali sa kampanya ay hinihimok na gamitin ang kanilang mga kakilala upang maka-"recruit" ng mga bagong kasapi, ibagay ang pang-aalok ng produkto ayon sa mga alalhaning pangkalusugan ng kanilang mga nagtatandaang kliyente, at gumamit rin ng C24/7 upang sila mismo ay makapag-testigo ukol sa mga benepisyo nito. Ang "trabaho" o "diskarte" na nakapaloob sa pagiging bahagi ng networking ay karaniwang makikita sa mga lungsod kung saan ang mga trabahador sa mga beauty salon at gym ay nangangako ring magbigay-lunas sa mga karamdamang buhat ng nakalalason at magulong kapaligiran ng mga syudad. [multi-level marketing, networking, kabataan, hangarin, pakikipagkapwa, nutritional supplement, Pilipinas]

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In this paper, I call into question a commonly assumed principle in science known as methodological naturalism, which is the idea that science should only accept natural, as opposed to supernatural, explanations. In support of MN, two arguments are commonly thrown against the idea of theistic explanation in science: the science stopper argument and the God-of-the-gaps argument. The science stopper argument states that appealing to theistic explanations hinders science from making steady progress; it simply stops science from its tracks. In other words, abandoning MN spells the death of science. The God-of-the-gaps argument states that appealing to God when explaining phenomenon is a form of an argument from ignorance, what critics call God-of-the-gaps thinking, which is considered to be fallacious reasoning. Any gap in nature that is explained by God, so the argument goes, is simply an appeal to our ignorance that we have no yet found the correct explanation to such natural mystery. In this scenario, an appeal to God is assumed to simply show our lack of knowledge with regard to the workings of nature. After introducing these arguments, I assess their strength by looking at the history of methodological naturalism. I then show how the history of science does not only fail to support these arguments but actually refutes them.