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Three new cyclobutanoid amides with trans-trans-trans configurations, piperarborenine C, piperarborenine D and piperarborenine E, and a new furanoid lignan, (+)-arborone, together with twelve known compounds, were isolated from the stems of Piper arborescens. The structures of these new compounds were determined by means of spectral analyses. Piperarborenine C, (+)-diayangambin, piplartine, piperolactam B, piperolactam C, aristolactam BIII, goniothalactam, and methyl trans-3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate possessed anti-platelet aggregation activity in vitro. Among them, piplartine showed the most potent anti-platelet aggregation activity induced by collagen and showed an IC50 value of 21.5 microM. Piperarborenines A - E, piperarborenine, aristololactam BIII and goniothalactam showed significant cytotoxic activity (IC50 values < 4 microg/mL) against P-388, HT-29 and A549 cell lines in vitro.

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Two new benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids, 6-methyldihydrochelerythrine [1] and 6-methylnorchelerythrine [2], together with 23 known compounds, were isolated from the root bark of Zanthoxylum simulans. Structures were elucidated by spectral analysis. Among them, the pyranoquinoline alkaloids, zanthosimuline [3], and huajiaosimuline [4], exhibited cytotoxic activity. In addition, compound 4 showed significant antiplatelet aggregation activity and induced terminal differentiation with cultured HL-60 cells.

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the root wood of Zanthoxylum wutaiense led to the isolation of 11 new compounds, wutaiensol methyl ether (1), demethoxywutaiensol methyl ether (2), methyl wutaiensate (3), methyl 7-hydroxyanodendroate (4), methyl 7-methoxyanodendroate (5), wutaifuranol (6), 7-methoxywutaifuranol (7), 7-methoxywutaifuranal (8), methyl wutaifuranate (9), methyl 7-methoxybenzofuran-5-carboxylate (10), and wutaipyranol (12), together with another 37 known compounds, of which one, 7-methoxybenzofuran-5-carboxaldehyde (11), was not previously known as a plant constituent. The structures of these isolates were identified by means of spectroscopic analysis. Five of these isolates were found to be antitubercular constituents, namely, methyl 7-methoxyanodendroate (5), 7-methoxywutaifuranal (8), wutaiensal (13), dictamnine (14), and gamma-fagarine (15), which exhibited antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, showing MIC values of 35, 35, 30, 30, and 30 microg/mL, respectively.