Curcumin nanoparticles were most recently considered in medical research because of their antibacterial properties. The main objective of the study was to develop the green synthesis and antibacterial activity of curcumin nanoparticles using Curcuma longa. The processing of curcumin nanoparticles was carried out after the collection, identification, and extraction of curcumin. The effect of a sample on the synthesis of nanoparticles, such as curcumin aqueous concentrations (5, 10, and 20 mg/ml) and curcumin nanoparticles (5, 10, and 20 mg/ml), and the antibacterial effect of these nanoparticles on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and the fungal strain Aspergillus niger. For examining antibacterial and anti‐fungal activity disc diffusion method was performed, followed by the zone of inhibition. According to X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope analysis, nanoparticles have spherical shapes and size of 42.64 nm. Results showed that a high dose of 20 mg/ml curcumin nanoparticles have more antibacterial activity than curcumin extracts in E. coli as it showed the largest diameter of zone of inhibition as compared to other doses. Other bacterial and fungal strains also showed significant results but E. coli was most prominent. The biosynthesis of curcumin nanoparticles using an aqueous extract of C. longa is a clean, inexpensive, and safe method that has not been used any toxic substance and consequently does not have side effects. Since several pathogenic species have acquired antibiotic resistance, the combination of curcumin with various nanoparticles would be beneficial in the cure of pathogenic diseases.

BACKGROUND: In the recent era, musculoskeletal disorders have affected millions of people worldwide. Chefs and other workers of the catering industry are at high risk of physical stresses, which makes them susceptible to develop various musculoskeletal pains and disorders. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to examine the frequency of musculoskeletal symptoms among chefs working in restaurants of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 307 chef participants from the restaurants of the twin cities. The participants were included via convenient sampling and data was collected through Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire, Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) and Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) from February to July 2021. RESULTS: Out of 307 participants, 285 were males and 22 were females with a mean age of 32.87±7.03 years. The working duration of 192 chefs were 9–12 hours while 106 and 9 chefs worked only for 4–8 and more than 12 hours, respectively. A total of 101 chefs reported lower back and knee pain. The chefs presented with pain in the shoulders, upper back and ankle as well as feet areas were 98, 93 and 26 respectively. CONCLUSION: Chefs can develop musculoskeletal symptoms including pain as a result of increased physical stress on their bodies during their work, specifically in the lower back and knee area.

Neck pain is the most common complaint and Cervical pain is more common in middle-aged women than in males. The most prevalent reason for patients to seek medical attention is neck pain. Objective: To identify the effectiveness of stretching and muscle energy techniques along with mobilization of cervical segment in the management of upper cross syndrome.Methods: The randomized controlled experiment took place from August 2018 to January 2019 at Benazir Bhutto Orthopedic and Rehabilitation Centre in Pakistan (Rawalpindi) and included patients with upper cross syndrome that were randomly consigned to two equal groups using a lottery system. The Group-A patients management is eccentric muscular energy therapy with cervical segmental mobilization, although Group-B patients treatment protocol is static stretching exercises accompanied by  segmental mobilization of cervical spine . Each patient received two sessions each week for three weeks, during which their visual analogue scale, and neck disability index were measured. An inclinometer was used to measure the cervical passive range of motion. Data was collected at the commencement of the study and again after three weeks of treatment. SPSS 21 was used to analyze the data. Results: Twenty (20%) of the 40 individuals were in each of the two groups. The average age in Group-A was 42.7511.13 years. It remained 40.509.14 years in Group-B. On all metrics, the eccentric muscular energy technique and static stretching approach equally demonstrated substantial results that is P Value is less than 0.05.Conclusion: Both approaches were shown to be equally successful in lowering neck impairment, enhancing cervical range of motion, and decreasing pain

Type 2 diabetes mellitus were define by WHO (world health organization) that “It is a metabolic syndrome which is characterized by prolonged increase in blood glucose level due to any abnormality in insulin action or release of insulin. It is also known as noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)”According to American diabetic Association (ADA) in 2004, the symptoms of long term increase glucose level in blood includes frequent urination, increase thirst, excessive hunger and blurry sight. Methodos: Quasi Experimental study design without control group,the duration for the study was 4 months.The study was conducted at Physiotherapy Department, Ghurki trust and teaching hospital. Blood glucose level, Glucose meter and treadmill runningwere outcome measures. Convenient sampling technique was used, 42 subjects were included in study. They were recruited from Ghurki Trust and Teaching Hospital. Diagnosed patients of diabetes mellitus type 2 were eligible. Patients, who fulfil the inclusion criteria, were interviewed and examined by the diabetic clinician in Ghurki trust and teaching hospital. By using convenient sampling method the subject was selected to perform the task.  The experimental procedure last for half an hour includes 5 minutes warm up 20 minutes treadmill run and 5 minutes of cool down. In warm up and cool down period mild stretching exercise, active ROM and breathing exercise for 5 minutes Selected Individuals was run on treadmill at a speed of 8km/hour (5miles per hour) for 20 minutes after doing warm up exercise. Conclusion: The aerobic exercise intervention is an effective tool to control the noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus as it lower the blood glucose level but exercise must be performed regularly to have good results. Most of the patients with controlled diabetes are able to perform aerobic exercise safely as long as some precautionary measure is taken. Increase physical activity is a key for good health in patients with type 2 diabetes

To determine the relationship of cardiorespiratory endurance on job performance in educational sectors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using non probability sampling technique on a sample size of 90 participants. Sample was taken from University of Lahore Gujrat campus. The duration of the study was from July- Septempter2019.Cardiac endurance was assessed by 3-minute step test technique. Job performance of participants was analyzed by work performance questionnaire. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 21.0. Chi square and Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the data. Results: A sample sizeof 90 participants was taken.  Result showed that job performance of most workers in a job similar to yours associated with pulse status with p value 0.007 which was ≤0.05 which shows that it is significant. Spearman correlation was -.283 indicates weak and inverse relationship between both variables. The result of job performance over past year or two associated with pulse status has p value 0.00 which was ≤0.05 which shows that result is significant. Spearman correlation was -.483 indicates weak and inverse relationship between both variables. The result of overall performance on the day you work during the past 7 days associated with pulse status has p value 0.001 which was ≤0.05 which shows that it is significant. Spearman correlation was -.337 indicates weak and inverse relationship between both variables. Conclusions: This research concluded that work performance, absenteeism, mental health and work productivity is significantly affected by cardiorespiratory endurance on faculty in educational sectors. Cardiorespiratory endurance should be increased for overall health because due to decreased cardiorespiratory endurance person will be more predisposed to heart and related other diseases which will eventually leads to more absenteeism and poor job performance.