Clopidogrel is widely used for patients with acute coronary syndrome. It is a pro-drug that requires bioactivation by several cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, mainly CYP3A4, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 enzymes. Lipophilic statins such as atorvastatin are used concomitantly with clopidogrel due to their beneficial effects on morbidity and mortality in the arena of cardiovascular diseases. However, lipophilic statins are eliminated by CYP3A4 and undergo the same metabolic pathway of clopidogrel. Hence, statins may compete with clopidogrel for CYP3A4 enzyme resulting in diminishing the anti-platelet effect of clopidogrel. We aimed to study the impact of concomitant statin therapy on clopidogrel efficacy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) evaluate the clinical relevance of potential clopidogrel and statins interaction and association between use of statins and risk of future adverse cardiac events. A cross-sectional retrospective cohort study was conducted on 50 patients attending Prince Sultan Cardiac Center for follow-up after PCI. All patients discharged on clopidogrel, aspirin, and atorvastatin were later divided into two groups according to the occurrence of MACEs. Statistical analysis was performed by Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS; V. 21.0). This study was on adult and geriatric males (72%)and female (28%). More than half of them exhibited major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), of which 48% exhibited it after 4 to 6 months from PCI indexing followed by 1 to 3 months (34%), and the least after 7 to 9 months. A significant association arises between gender and MACEs (P=0.042). Moreover, the average age was significantly higher in patients who experience MACEs compared to others (62.7 vs. 55.4, P=0.037). Regarding comorbidities, hypertension increased in patients with MACEs (73.1%) compared to those without MACEs (45.8%). The average duration of taking clopidogrel was significantly shorter in patients with MACEs compared to those who did not (3.42 vs. 5.54 months, P<0.001). According to the findings of this study, atorvastatin affects clopidogrel efficacy in patients undergoing PCI.

The implementation of e-governance in universities is considered a crucial matter because of integrating roles and achieving community development and institutional excellence. Despite this, there is a shortage of studies and research that deals with e-governance and institutional excellence, especially in Saudi universities. Hence, this is a pioneer in the context of Saudi Arabia. This research is aimed to identify the impact of e-governance on institutional excellence at the University of Ha'il in light of the Kingdom's 2030 vision. The study has relied on a random sample of 400 male and female students from various university colleges. The questionnaire was used as a means of collecting data after confirming its validity for measurement. Then the questionnaire was distributed electronically due to the suspension of the study because of the Corona pandemic. The data was analyzed using statistical methods appropriate to the data's nature. It has included averages, standard deviations, simple correlation coefficients, and multiple regression coefficients. The study has reached several results. The most important are the e-governance dimensions and institutional excellence criteria. These are effectively applied at the university. However, significant importance is not given to infrastructure, beneficiaries' satisfaction, and positive correlational relationships between all e-governance dimensions and institutional excellence criteria. The combined dimensions of e-governance are 80.9 % of the variance in institutional excellence. This means 19.1% is not included in the study due to other factors. The research has suggested taking an interest in the university's infrastructure, especially the internet. It has emphasized benefiting the beneficiaries' views in developing the university and supporting external community partnerships.

This research aimed to determine the impact of e-governance on achieving institutional excellence at the University of Ha'il from its faculty members' viewpoint regarding the Kingdom's vision 2030. The study was conducted on a random sample of 152 faculty members from various university faculties. Data were collected using the questionnaire as a means of data collection after confirming its suitability for measurement. The questionnaire was distributed electronically, due to the study suspension because of the Corona pandemic. The study relied on the social survey method. Means and standard deviations, simple correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis were used in the data analysis. The study found that the University of Ha'il practices e-governance. Besides, there is a statistically significant positive correlation between e-governance and institutional excellence. The combined dimensions of e-governance explain 78.9% variance in institutional excellence. Like most of the previous research studies, the present study also finds that the most investigative dimension of e-governance was the infrastructure's availability, followed by transparency mechanisms, accounting accountability, effective participation, and job empowerment. The least of those dimensions was the human resource development dimension. It is suggested after analyzing the data that universities pay attention to practicing e-governance. It increases their competitiveness and promotes the chances of distinguishing their performance. There is a dire need to validate the necessity of refining the faculty members' skills concerning implementation and dealing with various electronic transactions.

Parks improve people's physical and mental well-being, strengthen communities, and make towns and neighborhoods more appealing places to live and work. Many reasons discourage frequent park visitations, such as poor park characteristics, poor management system, and the lack of programs to encourage park visitation. Participation in different outdoor activities has become a necessity for many people nowadays. However, many residents are not engaged in recreational activities in Khartoum, making parks an important element. Therefore, the study aimed at investigating parks characteristics and different patterns of users based on societal needs. The study concentrates on the residents' characteristics such as age, gender, income, education level; these characteristics are tested against park visitation patterns such as type of visitation, the best day for visitation, and visit frequency. A two hundred and fifty (250) participant questionnaire survey was carried out in Al Tifl Park to assess the park's visitation pattern based on the purposive sampling technique. The result shows that most of the visitation patterns were not frequent regardless of the visitors' characteristics. It proves that the visitation pattern was not based on the visitors' characteristics but rather on the park characteristics. The study recommends that the park's features be redesigned based on user affinity to improve visitation, visitor benefits, and income generation.

This study was aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of onion (Allium cepaL.) aqueous extract against S. aureus bacteria isolated from patients with otitis media. Twenty swabs samples were taken from patients with otitis infection; these samples were cultured on different agar media .Results revealed that half of these isolates were related to S. aureus and the five of these isolates were subject to sensitivity test against several antibiotic groups. Most of isolates 100% were resistance to amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, cefoxitin and pencillin, and 60 % of were showed resistance to cefotaxtime and tetracycline, where as 20 % were resistance to Ciprofloxacin. Depending on the results of antibiotic sensitivity, the two isolates(S2,S5) were chosen  for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test, S2 isolate showed high-level of resistance at (16 and 128 µg/ml) to chloraemphenicol, amoxicillin, ampicillin and Cefotaxime respectively, while S5 at concentration (32, 64 and 128 µg\ml) were resistance to amoxicillin, ampicillin, chloraemphenicol and cefotaxtime. The MIC of onion extract against S. aureus was determined at two incubation periods The results were indicated that after 24 hrs, MIC of extract at 64 µg/ml was affected in inhibit the growth of S2 isolate, While 32 µg/ml was inhibited the growth of S5 isolate.However, after 72 hrs, It was found that the MIC at 32, 64 and 128 µg/ml were more effective in inhibited the growth of S2 and S5 isolates.