Our results suggest that significantly increased oxidative burden and slightly decreased antioxidative capacity of saliva may be involved in the pathogenesis of HG and this condition may be the result of HP infection which was found to be significantly more common in women with poor oral hygiene and HG.

The purpose of the this study was to indicate the role of childbirth parameters on the development of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Methods: One hundred-one healthy women (control group) and 98 patients with SUI (study group) were included in this study between March 2008 and April 2009. Obstetric history of participants was taken and labor parameters were compared between control group and study group. Results: The prevalence of SUI reported in the study was 43.9%. The result of prevalence was 43.9% during the study. Parity and gravidity was significantly more in study group (p<0.001). Vaginal delivery, Kristeller manauver, operative delivery by vacuum or forceps extraction and delivery of macrosomic fetus was found to be significant risk factors for SUI (p<0.05). Conclusions: Mode of delivery and obstetric history have significant impact on subsequent SUI. Timely cesarean section in women with obstructed labor may prevent the later occurrence of SUI.

Öz Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the level of anxiety of patients undergoing elective Caesarean section under spinal anesthesia to ascertain the factors related to anxiety and the effect of calming conversation on the anxiety level. Materials and Methods: The study included a total of 156 patients as Group 1 (96) and Group 2 (60). The patients in Group 1 were distracted with calming conversationting during the surgery and in Group 2, the patient's questions were answered but the surgical team did not calming conversation. All patients completed the the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaire preoperatively and postoperatively. Results: The preoperative STAI scores were similar in both groups. Although midazolam administration was higher in Group 2, the postoperative STAI scores were significantly lower in Group 1. In both groups, the anxiety scores decreased significantly in the postoperative period. Smoking was found to be related with higher STAI scores. Nausea was related with higher preoperative and postoperative STAI scores. Patients who were employed related lower STAI scores. Conclusion: Calming conversationting with patients, which is easy, has no cost and does not harm the infant or mother, decreased the STAI scores better than midazolam. Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı spinal anestezi altında elektif sezaryen uygulanan hastaların anksiyete düzeylerini, anksiyete ile ilişkili faktörleri ve hastayla sakinleştirici konuşmanın kaygı düzeyi üzerine olan etkisini belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma, Grup 1 (96) ve Grup 2 (60) olmak üzere toplam 156 hasta içermektedir. Grup 1'de cerrahi sırasında hastalara ile sakinleştirici konuşma yapılarak dikkatleri dağıtıldı, Grup 2'de ise hastanın sadece soruları olduğunda yanıtlandı ancak cerrahi ekip hasta ile sohbet etmedi. Tüm hastalardan preoperatif ve postoperatif dönemde durumluk-sürekli kaygı envanteri (STAI) anketini doldurması istendi. Bulgular: Preoperatif STAI skorları her iki grupta da benzerdi. Grup 2'de midazolam verdiğimiz hasta sayısı daha yüksek olmasına rağmen postoperatif STAI skorları Grup 1'de anlamlı olarak daha düşüktü. Postoperatif dönemde anksiyete skorları her iki grupta da anlamlı olarak azaldı. Sigara içenlerde STAI skoru daha yüksek bulundu. Bulantı, preoperatif ve postoperatif yüksek STAI skorları ile ilişkiliydi. Rejyonel anestezi korkusu ve bebek sağlığı ile ilgili kaygı belirtenlerde STAI skoru daha yüksek ve bir işte çalışanlarda ise STAI skoru daha düşük olarak gözlemlendi. Sonuç: Hastalarla sakinleştirici konuşmanın kolay, maliyeti olmayan, bebeğe veya anneye zarar vermeyen bir yöntem olup STAI puanlarını midazolamdan daha iyi düşürdüğünü gözlemledik.