Favism is most common in those who have G6PD deficiency from the Mediterranean region. As hemolytic anaemia is the most common complication of G6PD deficiency, and it can be life-threatening in certain people. Infection, hyperglycemia, certain meals, and certain drugs can all cause hemolysis therefore, the most prevalent enzymopathy is glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, which affects an estimated 400 million individuals, globally. Exposure to some medicines might cause hemolytic anaemia. The most important management technique is to avoid oxidative stresses by avoiding a hemolytic crisis. Also, avoidance of exposure to food and medicines that causes  hemolytic anaemia episodes This review looks at etiology, epidemiology, pathopysiology, evaluation and management of the disease.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of robotic versus open technique in patients undergoing mastectomy for breast cancer treatment or risk-reduction. Methods: The literature search included Englishpublished studies from inception to the 3rd of February 2023. The search included MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, the Web of Science and Scopus, using the terms "robotic mastectomy" AND "open mastectomy". We calculated the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for categorical outcomes and standardized mean difference (SMD) for numerical outcomes. Results: Five studies were included. Robotic mastectomy was significantly associated with longer operative time (SMD=0.92 (95% CI: 0.34, 1.50), p-value=0.002) and hospital stay (SMD=0.53 (95% CI: 0.03, 1.02), p-value=0.04), but lower rates of overall complications (OR=0.56 (95% CI: 0.42, 0.75), p-value<0.001) and nipple-areola complex necrosis (OR=0.45 (95% CI: 0.24, 0.87), p-value=0.02). There was no significant difference between robotic and open mastectomy in terms of the involvement of surgical margin or locoregional recurrence of breast cancer. Conclusions: Robotic mastectomy can be considered a safe procedure. It may possibly reduce the probability of postoperative complications. The better aesthetic results accomplished with robotic mastectomy enhances the patient satisfaction. Yet, robotic mastectomy can lengthen the total operative time and increase the duration of hospital stay. The included studies showed several limitations, so there is a need to conduct large size, randomised, clinical trials with adequate follow-up before

Child abuse represents a serious problem worldwide. In Arab countries, the problem is complicated because abuse may be perceived as a method of discipline. This review aimed to describe awareness of the public in Saudi Arabia regarding child abuse. A search was performed in the databases of MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Academic Search Complete (EBSCOhost), and Web of Science for articles published in English from the 1 st of January, 2000, to the 14 th of November, 2022. The search was conducted during the period from the 7 th to the 14 th of November 2022. The used search words were {"Child Abuse"} AND {"Saudi Arabia"} AND {"awareness"}. The risk of bias (ROB) was assessed using the Risk of Bias Instrument for Cross-Sectional Surveys of Attitudes and Practices. Six studies were included in this review. Most studies had high ROB in recruiting the participants, designing the questionnaires, and stating the rate of response. The awareness regarding physical abuse seemed fair in most studies, but the awareness about shaken baby syndrome was poor. Also, there was a misconception about the parent's right to discipline their children through corporal punishment. Most participants did not perceive a need for establishing protective laws or programs. Public awareness about emotional abuse and neglect was lower than in cases of physical abuse. The overall knowledge about child abuse seems to be fair, but poor knowledge was observed in some forms, such as shaken baby syndrome. The public concepts about physical punishment and the need for protective laws and programs are also negative and require more efforts to alter them.

Background: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is a common gynecological emergency in resource-limited countries, where laparotomy is the conventional therapy despite the fact that laparoscopic surgery is considered the best option. There is a lack of prospective randomized evidence comparing laparoscopic surgery with laparotomy in the surgical care of women with REP. Objectives:   To summarize current evidences comparing laparoscopy versus laparotomy in the surgical management of ectopic pregnancy. Methodology:  PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, EBSCO, and Cochrane Library were utilized to identify the articles. In the current review, all pertinent articles related to both our topic and other articles were used. Other articles not related to the objective of the review were excluded. The research team looked through a standardized format in which the data had been extracted. Results: According to PRSIMA guidelines, our study included 13 published studies that were registered to extract final data from a total of 110 studies found after searching the mentioned databases, which were then used for title screening. Some were excluded from screening of abstracts and others due to different inclusion criteria, after full-text review. These 13 studies were used to compare laparoscopy versus laparotomy in the surgical management of EP, establishing that laparoscopic treatment of EP may be the most beneficial method with the highest level of safety and efficacy. Conclusion: Laparoscopic surgery is increasingly being used as the method of choice for treating EPs. When compared to laparotomy, laparoscopic treatment for EP raises concerns about safety, viability and results in fewer postoperative adhesions. Laparoscopy is also more practicable and proven to be more efficient in terms of blood loss, requirement for blood transfusion, need for analgesia, and time of postoperative hospital stay.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a broad term that refers to a clinically heterogeneous group of arthritis that develops before the age of 16 and has no recognized cause. JIA treatment has evolved during the last two decades. Clinical trials research has been directed at more specific therapeutics based on what has been discovered about the biology of disease. Pediatric rheumatologists now have many more medications to offer patients, with the expectation that their disease will be managed, thanks to advances in immune system research and the introduction of biologic drugs in the twenty-first century. Continuing development in these biological agents and discoveries new drugs as long as developing current gene analysis techniques is the best method to treat JIA and provide best quality of life.