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Garlic belongs to the Allium genus, which includes more than 750 species divided into more than 60 taxonomic groups. It is cultivated in many countries throughout the world for the bulb and used as a spice and functional food. The plant vegetatively propagates. This review will focus on origins, biology, analysis of genetic diversity, pharmacological properties of garlic. It appears from this synthesis that the Allium sativum species is derived from Allium longicuspis and is native to Central Asia. Studies on the analysis of genetic diversity through morphological markers revealed a wide variation in the color, shape and number of cloves and the ability to flower. Biochemical markers such as Esterase (EST), Phosphoglucomutase (PGI), Malate Deshydrogenase (MDH), and Diaphorase (DIA as well as molecular markers such as Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP), and Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRS) Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) were successfully used. RFLPs or RAPD are the most used for assessing genetic variability within asexually reproducing garlic species. Work using SSRs markers is limited in garlic relative to other crops.

B. senegalensis is a species with broad geographic distribution in the Sahel, especially in Niger, thanks to its special anatomical structures to withstand drought, high temperatures and poor soils. It presents and a heterogeneous distribution in the following areas topographic levels characteristic of the western Niger. This paper aimed to assess the distribution of B. senegalensis and its relationship with woody species through the description of the spatial structure of the point process following toposequences by Ripley's method stands. The study highlighted the gregarious distribution of B. senegalensis and the close relationship between B. senegalensis and other species. Indeed, the species is in competition with other species on the plateau where water resources are scarce. But B. senegalensis tolerate these species on the slopes and in the shallows where water resources are relatively large.European Scientific Journal October 2017 edition Vol.13, No.30 ISSN: 1857 -7881 (Print) e -ISSN 1857-7431 231Keywords: Geomorphology, spatial structure, Boscia senegalensis RésuméB. senegalensis est une espèce à très large distribution géographique en zone sahélienne, et en particulier au Niger, grâce à ses structures anatomiques particulière lui permettant de résister à la sécheresse, aux hautes températures et aux sols pauvres. Elle présente une répartition très hétérogène dans l'espace suivant les niveaux topographiques, caractéristiques de la partie ouest Nigérienne. La présente contribution vise à évaluer, par la méthode de Ripley, la distribution de B. senegalensis et de ses relations avec les autres espèces ligneuses à travers la description de la distribution spatiale par processus ponctuel de ces peuplements suivant les toposéquences. L'étude a permis de mettre en évidence la distribution grégaire de B. senegalensis et aussi de mettre en évidence les relations d'affinité entre B. senegalensis et les autres espèces. En effet, l'espèce est en compétition avec les autres espèces sur le plateau où les ressources hydriques sont rares. Mais B. senegalensis tolère ces espèces sur le versant et dans le bas fond où les ressources hydriques sont relativement importantes.

The morphological variability of 56 okra (Abelmoschus spp.) Accessions was evaluated over two years (2008 and 2009). Ten (10) agromorphological characters were evaluated in the Sadoré station in Niger. The hierarchical ascendant classification (CAH) and the discriminant factor analysis (AFD) revealed four groups (GI, GII, GIII and GIV). The accessions in groups I and IV have high values of Lfm, Dfm, Height, and Nloc, Nepi and cons by low values. However, Flo or Fruct values are relatively higher in accessions of group III and IV than in accessions of group I. Similarly, accessions of group II have higher values in Flo and Fruct than group II. However, accessions of group II are much later in terms of which accessions in group I, which, in turn, have lower values in Flo and Fruct, so these are

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