With respect to the expansion of waterlogging and salinity increase in irrigated areas of Turkey, this study was conducted to monitor and assess the effects of a subsurface drainage system on salt leaching in the Harran plain.
This study was conducted to determine the best method for leaching salt from saline-sodic soils in central Anatolia in Turkey. The field experiment was set up in a randomized block with three replications. As reclamation material, mined gypsum was applied to the treatment plots in 0, 20, 40 and 60 t ha À1 dosages and 3.60 m leaching waters were applied to the plots. The infiltration capacities of the soil increased in proportion to the amount of gypsum applied. Leaching of 70% of the soluble salt from the soil profile required a depth of leaching water of approximately six times the soil depth to be reclaimed. Relationships between theoretically calculated and required actual gypsum could be described by exponential equations. Gypsum application showed a good response. It was concluded that gypsum or other reclamation materials have to be applied to reclaim sodic soils in the Eregli plain. Copyright RÉ SUMÉCette étude a été entreprise pour déterminer les meilleurs façons de lessiver le sel dans les salins-sodiques en Anatolie central en Turquie. L'expérience sur le terrain a été conduite sur un bloc randomisé avec trois répétitions. On a appliqué aux parcelles un amendement de gypse à la dose de 0, 20, 40 et 60 t ha À1 et un lessivage avec 3.6 m d'eau. Les capacités d'infiltration du sol ont augmenté proportionnellement à la quantité de gypse appliquée. Un lessivage de 70% du sel soluble dans le sol a exigé une lame d'eau d'approximativement six fois la profondeur de sol à traiter. Le rapport entre le gypse théoriquement calculé et réellement exigé peut être décrit par une exponentielle. L'application de gypse montrant une bonne réponse, on a conclu à la nécessaire application de gypse ou d'autres matériaux d'amendement pour améliorer les sols sodiques en plaine d'Eregli.
On irrigated lands, drainpipe performance is often below standard due to clogging, siltation and root growth inside the pipe. To tackle these problems, an innovative pipe–envelope concept was tested on a 50 ha pilot area in Harran, Turkey, in 2015 and 2016. The new concept, HYDROLUIS, consists of a corrugated inner pipe with three rows of perforations at the top and an unperforated outer pipe that covers about 2/3 of the inner pipe leaving only the unperforated bottom part of the inner pipe in contact with the soil. The main advantages of the new concept are that it works for a wide range of soil textures and there is better protection against root growth inside the pipe. The new concept was compared with a geotextile envelope, a gravel envelope and a control with no envelope. The HYDROLUIS and gravel envelopes had a significantly lower entrance resistance compared to the geotextile, the best drain performance and no signs of sedimentation nor of root growth inside the pipe. The production costs of the HYDROLUIS envelope are comparable to those of pre‐wrapped synthetic envelopes and considerably lower than gravel envelopes. It can be concluded that the HYDROLUIS envelope is a promising alternative for sand/gravel or synthetic envelopes in irrigated lands. © 2018 The Authors. Irrigation and Drainage published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Commission for Irrigation and Drainage
Soil salinity and waterlogging are the two most common problems limiting crop production in irrigated agriculture in southeastern Turkey. Poor water management and irrigation water leakage from the irrigation canals have caused the groundwater table to rise over approximately 35 000 ha of land. There is a need to predict drainage for salinity control in the Harran plain that has been under irrigation since 1995. The objective of this study was to establish the effects of current irrigation/drainage practices on root zone salinity, using SaltMod. Several scenarios like the changes in irrigation depth, water quality, varying drain spacing and drain depth effects on root zone salinity and groundwater table depth were tested. Experimental values showed that the initial average root zone salinity was 9.03 dS m RÉ SUMÉLa salinité du sol et l'engorgement sont les deux principaux problèmes qui limitent la production végétale dans l'agriculture irriguée dans le sud-est de la Turquie. Une gestion non satisfaisante de l'eau et les fuites des canaux d'irrigation ont fait s'élever la nappe sur approximativement 35 000 ha. Il est nécessaire de prévoir le drainage pour le contrôle de salinité dans la plaine de Harran qui est irriguée depuis 1995. L'objectif de cette étude était d'établir les effets des pratiques courantes d'irrigation/drainage sur la salinité de la zone racinaire à l'aide de SaltMod. Plusieurs scénarios, combinant profondeur d'irrigation, qualité de l'eau, espacement des drains et profondeur d'enfouissement des drains sur la zone des racines et sur la hauteur de la nappe, ont été étudiés. Les résultats montrent que la salinité moyenne initiale de la zone racinaire (9.03 dS m À1 ) a diminué après trois ans de saison d'irrigation (3.03 dS m À1 ). Ces valeurs sont très proches de celles calculées par le modèle SaltMod. Les débits de drainage mesurés pendant les trois années d'essai ont été de 0.099, 0.067 et 0.084 m/saison. SaltMod a montré que quand la profondeur d'enfouissement des drains atteint 1.40 m il n'y a aucun changement dans la salinité de la zone racinaire pendant les dix années qui suivent. Estimation de la salinité de la zone racinaire à l'aide de SaltMod dans la partie aride de la Turquie.
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