As one of the fundamental health outputs in the health economics literature, the improvement of life expectancy is one of the variables that positively affect economic growth. Many papers, investigating the relationship between health expenditure and life expectancy indicated that life expectancy has a positive effect on health expenditures. This study aims to investigate the relationship between life expectancy and health expenditures for the period of 2000-2015 in Turkey,

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A great amount of the reserves of crude oil and natural gas resources are located within the territories of the countries the majority of the population of which are Muslims. There is a growing concern among the population of these countries that the deeds and the actions of their states should be in accordance with the Islamic principles. The development and conclusion of oil and gas contracts in accordance with the sources of Islamic law such as Qur'an, Sunnah, Ijma and Qiyas is of particular importance. The concepts of land ownership, licencing, taxation of minerals are analysed separately in order to reach an inductive outlook. In this respect, Buy Back Contracts are formalised. Buy Back Contracts are regarded to have significant resemblances with risk service contracts. As a form of oil and gas contracts that are formalised in accordance with the Islamic principles, Buy Back Contracts, still, need upgrades in order to be in full conformity with Islamic considerations.

In the field of social sciences there are some concepts which occupy a vitally important-major, not minor-seat in the policy formulation considerations of almost all states not only for a short decade, but for a long period of time. "Minority issues" fall into this category. In the field of social sciences scholars and reviewers sometimes tend to underestimate the importance and the effect of older studies in the search of forming new products. It seems that "National Minorities and the European Nation States System" should be regarded in this perspective.The book, "National Minorities and the European Nation-States System" focuses on the resulting struggle between national minority rights and sovereign state rightsboth as a practical dilemma confronting European international organizations and as a normative problem for international relations theory. The author puts it in a phrase as:"This book will interrogate the following question which are central to an international society analysis of the problem of national minorities.(1) Why are national minorities and considerations regarding their status-which, as sub state groups, would initially appear to be subjects of domestic rather than international politics-recurring features of European treaties, conferences and organizations from 1919 onwards? * Asist. Prof. Dr.,