The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic forced many universities to apply online learning. The purpose of this study was to break down the online learning process in the early pandemic as well as effective and optimal online learning. The design of this research is descriptive qualitative research. The data were collected through observation, questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. Interestingly, this study found online learning using the WhatsApp Group to be the most effective in the early COVID-19 pandemic. WhatsApp is easy, simple, and does not require a large data quota package. Through WhatsApp accounts, learning took place optimally because students and lecturers could communicate and share PowerPoint files, Microsoft Word files, JPGs, Voice Notes, Videos, and other learning resource links. The study recommends that other researchers uncover the solution to obstacles experienced by students in online learning and the development of other media to implement effective online lectures.

The COVID-19 emergency situation has affected all citizens of the world, including Indonesia and also all non-formal and formal educational institutions, such as higher educations. The Learning Process in various educational units, including tertiary institutions, experienced a total change to the use of internet or online media. The present article examines the media and the Arabic learning process at the university in the COVID-19 pandemic situation. The COVID-19 pandemic situation changed the way of learning Arabic students at UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang from conventional offline learning to learning using internet media online. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The data are obtained through observation, questionnaires distributed through Google forms, online interviews through social media, and documentation. The result shows that the majority of students use the WhatsApp application, and most of them study autonomously through online platforms. Besides, it reveals that the most popular learning material is video. To improve their language skills, students are more likely to have peer-discussion activities. The study discovered a shift in Arabic learning by students of UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang from personal to instrumental as a result of the current COVID-19 pandemic situation. In this case, there was a transformation in Arabic learning from a personal-cultural approach to an instrumental-functional approach. This research has implications regarding the ideal Arabic learning process in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. The shift also took place in the degree of teachers' dependence towards dependence on technology during the pandemic situation.

This paper discussed the social phenomena that occurred during the birth of Islam and its influence on the revolution process in developing the Arabic language. The study was a qualitative research with a descriptive design relying on documents and literature of al-Mujtama'at al-Islamiyah as the primary reference source. This paper showed the social events that accompanied the birth of Islam had an impact and influence on the growth and development of the Arabic language. The social events during the early period of Islam were a great momentum for the revelation of the Qur'an, the entry of Islamic teachings into the Arab ignorant society. The establishment of social interaction relations between Arab and Islamic communities became a powerful event in forming the Arabic language. Thus, the early period of the birth of Islam was a time of transformation in standard Arabic. The events and social phenomena that occurred during the early period of Islam also had implications for the growth process of knowledge originating from Islam. The Arab community had made standard Arabic the primary language in delivering Islamic teachings and the development of science. This paper suggested the need for a further study of the development of the Arabic language viewed from the historical aspect.

This research aimed to determine the implementation's effectiveness as supporting and inhibiting factors of Chomsky's Transformational Linguistic Theory in Writing Skill implementation. The data were collected through interviews, observations, and tests. The results of this study are: 1) the researchers obtained the difference in scores between the pretest and posttest of the control class and the experimental class. 2) there were five supporting factors and three inhibiting factors in learning maharah kitabah at MA Muallimat Malang Indonesia. The supporting factors are: 1) the transformation of sentences is easy to understand, 2) students have the ability of basic Arabic rules, 3) students can write Arabic, 4) enthusiasm in participating in learning activities, 5) availability of sufficient media for learning. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors are: 1) the difficulty of students distinguishing mudzakkar and muannats,2) only a few materials limits transformation, 3) some students do not like to learn Arabic.

<pre>Teaching Arabic at the Islamic university aims to understand Islamic books written in Arabic as well as improve language skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing. Previous research conducted by researchers showed the weakness of students in speaking. The teaching and learning process cause this. The teacher does not use various strategies. He only tells about lessons, limited opportunities for students to talk in class and their respective motivations to talk and discuss in class. The research conducted by this researcher aims to improve speaking skills through role-playing strategies. Role-playing is one of the most effective and exciting teaching methods that help us in the learning process, especially in developing speaking skills. The subjects of this study were students of the Islamic State University of Malang, Indonesia Faculty of Economics, EKA class 3. Using two cycles each containing four methods, namely: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The results of this study indicate that role-playing strategies are useful in improving students' speaking skills. During the role-playing, they do it with confidence without feeling embarrassed or worried, and they can speak fluently, even they can work together to improve their speaking skills while acting in the teaching process.</pre><p> </p><strong>Keywords: </strong>role-playing; teaching speaking skills; teaching strategies