Objective: To determine the association of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) with febrile seizures (FS). Study Design: Case Control study. Setting: Department of Pediatric Medicine, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur. Period: January 2022 to July 2022. Material & Methods: A total of 30 children of both genders of age 1 to 5 years with febrile seizure and 30 children in control group (febrile without seizures) were included. Three ml blood sample of each patient was taken as sent to the institutional laboratory for assessment of iron deficiency anemia (hemoglobin < 11.5 g/dl). Association of IDA with FS was calculated. Results: Out of 60 patients, 28 (46.7%) were boys and 32 (53.3%) girls with boy to girl ratio of 1:1.1. The mean age in case group was 2.93 ± 1.23 years and in control group was 3.0 ± 1.31 years. Majority of the patients 39 (65.0%) were between 1 to 3 years of age. Frequency of IDA in case group (febrile seizure group) was found in 11 (36.7%) while in control group (febrile disease without seizures) it was found in 4 (13.3%) children (p=0.037, odds ratio=3.76).

Background: Nephrotic syndrome is a medical problem clinically characterized by proteinuria, generalized body edema and hypercholesterolemia. We did this study to compare the effectiveness of single dose versus split dose prednisolone in achieving remission in patients with nephrotic syndrome in children.Patients and methods: This open-ended randomized control trial was done in pediatric unit of tertiary care hospital from January to December 2019.We included one hundred Patients of nephrotic syndrome in the study who met the inclusion criteria. We divided total Patients into 2 groups (group A & B) 50 patients in each group. Group A was given single dose prednisolone, while group B was given split dose prednisolone therapy. Both groups were compared with respect of achievement of remission.Results: Out of 50 patients of group A who were given single dose prednisolone 37 (74%) were male, while in group B who were given split dose prednisolone 22 (44%) were male (p-value=0.137). Mean age of patients of study group A and B was 4.5 ±1.67 years and 4.9 ±1.49 years respectively (p-value=0.1876). Mean serum creatinine level in study group A and B was 0.744±0.189 and 0.736±0.167 (p-value=0.823). Similarly mean serum albumin level in study group A and B was 2.34±0.358 and 2.39±0.33 (p-value=0.473). When both groups were compared with regard to response to treatment, in group A mean remission duration was 16.48 ±3.69. In group B mean remission duration was 19.42 ±3.11 days (p-value<0.05).Conclusion: From our study we concluded that single dose prednisolone is more effective in achieving remission in steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome as compared to split dose prednisolone.