Mother-to-child transmission is the highest mode of acquisition of HIV infection in children, with a 15-45% risk of an infant acquiring HIV from an infected mother without any medical intervention. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the implementation of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) guidelines and determine its clinical outcome in a PEPFAR Clinic in Nigeria from 2008 to 2012. A retrospective review of data of patients who accessed PMTCT from the Clinic in the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu was conducted. Data were retrieved from the clinic's database and analyzed. The result showed that three hundred and seventy-three (373) pregnant women (aged 30.22±4.88) and three hundred and sixty-seven (367) children from the pregnancies were enrolled into PMTCT. Ten (10) regimens were used for the mothers: AZT/3TC/NVP, TDF/3TC+NVP and AZT/3TC+EFV accounting for 80.00, 11.00 and 2.65%, respectively. AZT (15.80%) and NVP (84.20%) were used for the infants, 8 (2.18%) of whom tested positive for HIV. The study concluded that PEPFAR Clinic, UNTH Enugu substantially followed the guidelines in its PMTCT programme which was found to drastically reduce the transmission of HIV from mother to child.

This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) guidelines and determine its clinical outcome in a PEPFAR (APIN-CDC) Clinic in south-eastern Nigeria from 2008 to 2012. It was a retrospective review of data of patients who accessed HIV PEP services from the clinic. Data on demographic and clinical characteristics of patients were retrieved from the database of the clinic and analyzed. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were applied to analyzed data at significance level of p<0.05. The result showed that thirty three (33) individuals were enrolled into PEP during the period. Thirty-one (31; 93.94%) were due to occupational exposure, while two (2; 6.06%) were due to non-occupational exposure. AZT+3TC 23 (69.70%), AZT+3TC+LPV/r 9 (27.27%) and AZT+3TC+ATV/r+RTV 1 (3.03%) were the ARVs used. The nature of exposure did not significantly determine the choice of the ARV. The study concludes that APIN/CDC Clinic, UNTH Enugu substantially followed recommendations of standard guidelines in HIV PEP management, but the absence of followup test results for majority of the enrollees was an impediment to any general statement on its clinical outcome.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of an additional pharmaceutical care intervention on clinical outcomes of Type 2 diabetes patients receiving care in tertiary hospitals. This study was a randomized, controlled and longitudinal study with a 12-month patient follow-up. This study was

Little is known about the economic value of hospital pharmacists' cognitive services in Nigeria. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the willingness to pay (WTP) for hospital pharmacists' provided medication-related services among outpatients in SouthEastern Nigeria, and to explore its sociodemographic predictors. A cross-sectional study was conducted among outpatients receiving care in two Teaching Hospitals. Using contingent valuation, respondents' WTP were elicited for three pharmacist's services; namely patient education and counseling, drug therapy monitoring, and medication reconciliation. The price elasticity of demand for the services was determined. Descriptive statistics were used to present respondents' sociodemographic characteristics. Multivariate regressions were used to model the relationship between dependent and independent variables. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Of the 466 respondents, about half were female (52.6%) and aged 25-44 years (50.9%). Majority of the respondents had a tertiary education (63.9%). More than 65% of the patients surveyed were willing to pay an average of US$0.80 ± 1.17, US$0.83 ± 1.16, and US$0.91 ± 1.20 for patient education and counseling, drug therapy monitoring, and medication reconciliation, respectively. Price elasticity of demand for the services ranged from-0.19 to-1.00. Respondents' monthly income, income sufficiency, occupation, and health status were significant predictors of WTP for the services. Our findings suggest that a substantial proportion of respondents were willing to pay for hospital pharmacist's services. The major contributors to respondents' WTP were higher income, unemployment, and poor health status. Therefore, there is a promising potential for reimbursement of health institutions and service providers for medication-related services.