Termos para indexação: colheita, dessecação, glifosato, paraquat. TIMING OF DESICCANT APPLICATION IN SOYBEANS: PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF SEEDSABSTRACT -The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different desiccants on the physiological quality of soybean seeds when applied to different reproductive stages. The experiment was conducted in the 2005/06 crop season using a randomized block design of four repetitions and two varieties. For the very early maturing MSOY 6101 variety, a factorial 3x3x5x2 design was used, with two desiccant treatments (glyphosate and paraquat) and a control (no desiccation), applied at three growth stages (R 6 , R 7 and R 8 ), with five sampling times (2; 4; 6; 8 and 10 days after application) and two evaluation positions on the plant (apex and base). The early maturing MG/BR 46 (Conquista) cultivar was evaluated in a 3x2x5x2 design with treatments applied at only two growth stages (R 7 and R 8 ). The results showed that glyphosate adversely affected physiological seed quality, mainly for root length, whereas paraquat caused no apparent effect. The seeds from desiccant applications in the R 6 stage showed a lower physiological quality compared to those obtained from applications in the R 7 and R 8 stages.

-The aims of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of diquat, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride and their associations diquat + 0.1% copper oxychloride and diquat + 0.1% copper hydroxide to control Cerathophyllum demersum. Therefore, the concentrations used were 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0 and 1.5 mg L -1 oxychloride and copper hydroxide and 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 mg L -1 diquat and their associations with 0.1% copper oxychloride and 0.1% copper and a control hydroxide. The experimental design was completely randomized with ten replications for 45 days. For evaluation we used a scale of 0-100% control of notes and rated the weight (g) and length (cm) of pointers at the end of the trial period. Diquat showed 100% efficacy at 30 DAA, associations in 21 DAA and copper sources promoted regrowth of C. demersum. Diquat and its associations were more effective in controlling C. demersum. The use of herbicide in combination with a copper source is more efficient for the control of submerged weeds because it potentiates the effect of the herbicide in weed control Keywords: aquatic plants, algaecide effect, chemical management. de 0,1, 0,3, 0,5, 0,7, 1,0 RESUMO -O objetivo

The aims of this research were to evaluate the efficacy of copper oxychloride (CuCl2.3Cu(OH)2), copper hydroxide (Cu(OH)2) and diquat (1.1'-ethylene-2.2'-bipyridyldiylium dibromide), isolated and in association with 0.1% of both copper sources, in the control of the unicellular algae Ankistrodesmus gracilis and the filamentous algae Pithophora kewesis, and to determine the acute toxicity of the tested chemicals in Hyphressobrycon eques, Pomacea canaliculata, Lemna minor and Azolla caroliniana. The efficacy was estimated by the methods of chlorophyll a and pheophytin a readings, changed into growth inhibition percentage. Both algae were exposed to the following concentrations: 0.2; 0.4; 0.8; 1.2 mg L(-1) of diquat and its association with the copper sources; and 0.1; 0.3; 0.5; 0.7; 1.0 and 1.5 mg L(-1) in the isolated applications of copper hydroxide and copper oxychloride. An untreated control was kept. The acute toxicity was estimatedby 50% lethal concentration (LC50). The copper sources were effective for A. gracilis control, at rates as high as 0.1 mg L(-1) (>95% efficacy). Isolated diquat and its association with copper hydroxide were both effective at rates as high as 0.4 mg L(-1), with 95 and 88% control efficacy, respectively. The copper oxychloride was effective at 0.2 mg L(-1), with 93% efficacy. None of the tested chemicals and associations was effective on P. kewesis control. The most sensitive non target organism to the tested chemicals was L. minor; the less sensitive was H. eques.

-The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of diquat, both isolated and associated with copper sources (oxychloride and hydroxide) in controling the H. verticillata submerged macrophyte and the A. gracilis microalgae. For this purpose, 10.0 cm H. verticillata young branches and 300 mL of A. gracilis culture were used. The experiments were performed in laboratory and the tested diquat concentrations were: 0.1; 0.2; 0.4; 0.8; 1.2; and 1.8 mg L -1 , either isolated or added with 1.0% copper oxychlorideand hydroxide, as well as a control sample. On day 3, 7, 11, 21 and 30 after application, phytotoxicity signs were evaluated and on day 60 after application, green and dry biomass production and plant length were measured. To obtain dry mass, plants remained in a greenhouse with forced air circulation at 65.0 o C, until constant weight. On day 1, 7, 15, 21, 30, 45 and 60 after application, the concentration of chlorophyll a in the water was assessed. The herbicide diquat used alone or in combination with sources copper oxychloride and hydroxide was effective in the control of H. verticillata and microalgae A. gracilis.Keywords: chemical control, water plant, eutrophication, phytotoxicity, chlorophyll a. RESUMO -O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia do diquat isolado e em mistura com fontes de cobre (hidróxido e oxicloreto) para o controle da macrófita submersa