Ɉɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɨɦ ʋ2(28) ɂȻ Ɏɨɦɢɧɵɯ ɍȾɄ ɂɇɀȿɇȿɊɂə ɈȻɊȺɁɈȼ, ɌȼɈɊɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɁȺȾȺɑɂ, ɗɆɈɐɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɕȿ ɈɐȿɇɄɂ ɂȻ Ɏɨɦɢɧɵɯ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ©Ɇɗɂª Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ LJERUIRPLQ#PDLOUX Ⱥɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɬɨɝɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɢ ɫɩɟɰɢ-ɚɥɢɫɬɚ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɚ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ ɨɬ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ, ɜ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɛɪɚɡ-ɧɵɦ ɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣɧɵɦ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚɦɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ (ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ). ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɜɟɞɭɳɚɹ ɪɨɥɶ ɧɟɣɪɨɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɢ ɧɟɱɺɬɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ. Ɋɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɬɢ-ɜɨɪɟɱɢɣ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɟɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ. Ɉɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɭɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɪɨɥɢ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɢ ɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ ɜ ɪɟɲɟ-ɧɢɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ. Ɉɛɫɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ ɤɚɤ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɟ-ɞɟɧɢɟɦ, ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɬɢɩɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɢɬɢɤɚ. ȼɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɚɥɝɟɛɪɚ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɬɶ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɢ ɡɧɚɤ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɧɚɞ ɟɺ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦɢ. ɋɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɛɢɧɚɪɧɨɟ ɞɟɪɟɜɨ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚ-ɧɢɢ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ. ɇɨɜɢɡɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɚɥɝɟɛɪɵ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ, ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟ-ɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ ɤɚɤ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɬɨɪɢɱ-ɧɵɯ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ ɩɭɬɺɦ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɭɫɩɟɯɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɭɞɚɱ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ. ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ 20 ɥɟɬ ɧɚɡɚɞ, ɜ ɦɚɪɬɟ 1998 ɝɨɞɚ, ɩɨ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɚ Ⱦ.Ⱥ. ɉɨɫɩɟɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɝ. ɉɟɪɟ-ɫɥɚɜɥɶ-Ɂɚɥɟɫɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɥɫɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɫɟɦɢɧɚɪ «Ɉɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɚ», ɡɚɞɚɜɲɢɣ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɩɚ-ɪɚɞɢɝɦɵ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɚ (ɂɂ), ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɟɣ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɸ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɨɛ-ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ. ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɚ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɚ ɩɨɞɜɟɫɬɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɬɨɝɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ.Ʉɚɤ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɨɫɶ (ɫɦ., ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, [1-3]), ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɝɢɛɪɢɞɧɚɹ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɧɚɹ (ɩɪɚ-ɜɨɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɧɚɹ) ɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɶɧɨ-ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ (ɥɟɜɨɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɧɚɹ) ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɬɟɫɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ. ɉɨ-ɥɭɲɚɪɢɹ ɩɨ-ɪɚɡɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɚ ɢɯ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɬɜɨɪɱɟ-ɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɦɨɡɝɚ, ɧɟɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨ ɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɤɚɤɢɦɢ-ɬɨ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɟ, ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ -ɨɛɚ, ɧɨ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ, ɢ ɜɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣ-ɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɫɥɨɠɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ. Cɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɣ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɧɨ ɢ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ Ʌɟɜɨɟ -ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨɲɚ-ɝɨɜɨ, ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ [4]. Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɪɟɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟ-ɧɢɢ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ, ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ, ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɟ ɢ ɬ.ɩ. -ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɦɧɨɝɨɮɚɤɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɟɣ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɢ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɵ, ɚ ɢɧɨ-ʋ2(28) Y 2QWRORJ\ RI 'HVLJQLQJ ɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɝɞɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɜɵ. Ɉɬɫɸɞɚ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɠɺɫɬɤɢɯ ɪɟɫɭɪ...

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