The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of assistance on the comprehensibility and reliability of the Turkish version of International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). In this study, 458 patients were asked to complete the IIEF questionnaire by themselves during their first visit and then once again during their second visit with the assistance of a physician. The impact of physician assistance was evaluated by comparing the first and second questionnaires. The data were analysed using statistical package software (SPSS). A t test, Cronbach's alpha analysis, test-retest correlation (Pearson) and comparison of two rates between two independent groups test were used to analyse the impact of physician assistance. A P value <0.05 was considered to be significant. The proportions of the patients who completed the questionnaires were 70.9% and 100% at the first and second visit respectively. Physician assistance significantly increased the number of patients who completed the questionnaire among patients 60 years old (P = 0.0009) and in patients with low levels of education (P = 0.0001). The Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.782 and 0.917 for the first and second questionnaires respectively. A high degree of internal consistency was observed for the 'physician-assisted' questionnaire (P < 0.001), and relatively less internal consistency was found for the 'self-administered' questionnaire (P < 0.05) A relatively weaker correlation was found between the first and second questionnaires in primary school graduates (r = 0.391, P < 0.05) and in patients 60 years old (r = 0.433, P < 0.05). There was a significant difference between the 'self-administered' and 'physician-assisted' IIEF scores in patients 60 years old (P < 0.0001) and primary school graduates (P < 0.0001). Physician assistance increased the comprehensibility and reliability of the IIEF questionnaire, especially in elderly patients and in patients with low education levels.

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Objective: Incidental renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cases is increasing significantly. This study compared the pathologic features of incidental and symptomatic RCC cases. Materials and methods:The study divided 114 patients undergoing nephrectomy into two groups: incidental (64 cases) and symptomatic (50 cases) RCC. Patient age, gender, tumor size, histological sub-type, TNM stage, Fuhrman grade, and survival time were determined. Results:The male/female (78/36) ratio was 2.1 and no difference was observed between groups (p= 0.8793). For incidental and symptomatic cases, the mean patient age was 55.5±6.4 vs. 58.8±4.7 years (p= 0.0028), respectively; tumor diameter was 4.8±1.8 vs. 6.7±1.5 cm (p<0.0001); the mean follow-up was 73.8±17.3 vs. 71.3±14.7 months (p= 0.4157); and the mean survival time was 64.7±22.5 vs. 53.5±18.7 months (p= 0.0054). There were 48 (75%), 14 (21.8%), 2 (3.1%), and 0 (0%) pT1, pT2, pT3, and pT4 tumors, respectively, for incidental cases, and 16 (32%), 18 (36%), 14 (28%), and 2 (4%) for symptomatic cases (p= 0.0024, p= 0.0572, p= 0004, and p= 0.1096 for pT1, pT2, pT3, and pT4, respectively). There were 20 (40%) lymphatic metastases in symptomatic cases and 4 (6.2%) in incidental cases (p= 0.0121 and p= 0.0014 for N1 and N2). No patient had distant organ metastases. There were no significant differences between groups in terms of histopathological subtype or Fuhrman grade. Conclusion:Incidental RCC is diagnosed in the early phase, and has better prognostic factors than symptomatic cases in terms of tumor size and stage.Key words: Incidental; pathology; renal cell carcinoma ÖZET Amaç: Rastlantısal böbrek hücreli karsinom (BHK) vakalarında önemli artış gözlenmektedir. Bu çalışma ile rastlantısal BHK vakalarının patolojik özellikleri semptomatik BHK vakaları ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Gereç ve yöntem:Nefrektomi yapılan 114 BHK'li hasta, rastlantısal (64 vaka) ve semptomatik (50 vaka) BHK şeklinde iki gruba ayrılarak incelendi. Tüm hastaların yaşı, cinsiyeti, tümör büyüklüğü, histolojik alt tipi, evresi (TNM), derecesi (Fuhrman grade) ve sağkalım süreleri tespit edildi.Bulgular: Erkek/kadın hasta oranı 2.1 idi (78/36) ve gruplar arasında farklılık yoktu (p= 0.8793). Hastaların ortalama yaşı, rastlantısal vakalarda 55.5±6.4 yıl, semptomatik vakalarda 58.8±4.7 yıl idi (p= 0.0028). Tü-mör çapı, rastlantısal vakalarda 4.8±1.8 cm, semptomatik vakalarda 6.7±1.5 cm idi (p<0.0001). Rastlantısal ve semptomatik vakalarda, ortalama takip süresi, sırası ile 73.8±17.3 ay ve 71.3±14.7 ay (p= 0.4157), ortalama sağkalım süresi, sırası ile 64.7±22.5 ay ve 53.5±18.7 ay (p= 0.0054) idi. pT1, pT2, pT3 ve pT4 tümörler, rastlantısal vakalarda sırası ile 48 (%75), 14 (%21.8), 2 (%3.1) ve 0 (%0), semptomatik vakalarda ise 16 (%32), 18 (%36), 14 (%28) ve 2 (%4) idi (pT1, pT2, pT3 ve pT4 için sırası ile p= 0.0024, p= 0.0572, p= 0004 ve p= 0.1096). Lenfatik metastaz sayısı, semptomatik vakalarda 20 (%40), rastlantısal vakalarda ise 4 (%6.2) idi (N1 ve N2 için p= 0.0121 ve p= 0.0014). Hiçbir hastada uzak organ metastaz...

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rektil disfonksiyon (ED), en az 6 ay boyunca yeterli bir seksüel performans için gerekli olan penil ereksiyonun sağlanamaması ve/veya sürdürülememesi olarak tanımlanır.1 ED patofizyolojisinde vasküler, Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci 2012;32(1)