As a link in the pre-operational research program for the establishment of the first fuel reprocessing plant in Japan, the metabolism in man ofruthenium was studied in experiments involving the oral administration of metabolized tracer in shellfish. A whole body counter-scanner could trace in vivo the movement of ingested tracer from stomach to rectum through the large intestine within 24 hr. Whole body retention was best fitted by a three-component exponential function with time, the fastest component being caused by a large fecal excretion which amounted to about 95% ofadministered dose within 2 days. The second component could be attributable to the prolonged retention of radioruthenium inside the gastrointestinal tract, the biological half-life being 2.3 days. The slowest component, about 1 % of the administered dose, retained in the body with a half-life of 30 days, and this fraction was considered to be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.Successive experiments with non-metabolized tracer in the chemical forms of the chloro complexes of nitrosylruthenium(II1) and ruthenium(II1 and 1V)resulted in ahighergastrointestinal absorption of the former by a factor of about 3 than the latter. It is suggested that changes in the chemical and physical states of ruthenium, of p H and of different periods of time following preparation until administration, as well as changes in residence time in the gastrointestinal tract may cause variability in absorption.

In order to accelerate the elimination of internally deposited 137Cs from the human body, we noticed the effectiveness of ferrocyanides of transition metals used for concentrating radiocesium from fission product mixtures. Prussian blue which is an iron ferrocyanide powder, has been employed in eliminating 13'Cs from rat and man.Our chemistry group developed various ferrocyanide metals firmly bound in an anion exchange resin, and found that "nickel ferrocyanide-anion exchange resin" (NiFC)R was most stable in a wide range of hydrogen ion concentration and had a larger adsorbability for cesium than ferrocyanide salt. Several experiments were carried out on the effect of (NiFC)R and (FeFC)R (iron ferrocyanide-anion exchange resin) upon acute and chronic intake of la7Cs by rats and mice. Both "ferrocyanide-resins" were very effective in eliminating la7Cs, but (NiFC)R showed a slightly better efficiency.Long term toxicity studies were made using rats as a preliminary step to human application of (NiFC)R. The (NiFC)R mixed with foods was given to the rats for about 150 days, and then the rats were sacrificed for histo-pathological examination. No change was observed between the control group and those fed with (NiFC)R.From the result of these experiments, we decided to use (NiFC)R for two adult human males. The first experiment was performed as follows: 50 nCi of carrier-free 137Cs was ingested and 1 g, 0.5 g and 0.5 g of (NiFC)R was given at 10 min, 4 hr and 8 hr respectively after 137Cs ingestion. Excretion of la7Cs after 24 hr was about 40% of the ingested dose in comparison with about 5% without (NiFC)R dosing. The second experiment was as follows: 200 nCi of carrierfree 137Cs was ingested and then 0.5 g of (NiFC)R was given four times per day from the 2 1st to the 29th day following 137Cs ingestion. Excretion rates, as measured from the whole body retention curves, were about twice that during the period in which no (NiFC)R was given. Moreover, no side effects were observed for the two subjects.Thus, we may conclude that (NiFC)R can be successfully used to enhance the elimination of I3jrCs from the body.

Energi listrik merupakan salah satu kebutuhan masyarakat yang sangat penting. Energi listrik menjadi sangat penting karena hampir semua peralatan yang digunakan bersumber dari listrik, sehingga diharapkan dapat menyediakan listrik secara terus – menerus dengan mutu dan keandalan yang mampu memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat. Kehandalan merupakan kunci untuk menekan SAIDI dan SAIFI. Proses penyaluran energi listrik ada kemungkinan mengalami gangguan – gangguan, seperti gangguan temporer yang disebabkan oleh binatang maupun alam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kehandalan sistem distribusi tenaga listrik di Penyulang Buruan PT. PLN (Persero) ULP Sanur, dengan menggunakan data gangguan pada tahun 2018 dan 2019. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Pada tahun 2018, nilai SAIDI sebesar 3,307 jam per tahun dan nilai SAIFI sebanyak 7 kali per tahun. Sedangkan jika dipasang tekep isolator tahun 2019, nilai SAIDI akan turun menjadi 0,16 jam per tahun dan nilai SAIFI sebanyak 2,9 kali per tahun. Pemasangan tekep isolator akan membantu mencapai target dari WCS PLN DISTRIBUSI BALI 2004 dengan target Nilai SAIDI sebesar 1,023 jam per tahun, namun nilai SAIFI sebanyak 1,65 kali per tahun belom mampu diacapai. Untuk itu, adapun upaya mengurangi gangguan, yaitu dengan pemasangan tekep isolator dan melakukan pemeliharaan secara berkala sehingga diharapkan kedepannya dapat menurunkan nilai SAIDI dan SAIFI di Penyulang Buruan.

In general, induction motors can be operated by connecting the motor directly to the supply circuit or by using a voltage that has been reduced to the motor during the start period. The obstacle of using a 3 phase induction motor is when starting, where the motor requires more current, which is about 5 to 7 times the nominal current, causing the voltage on the system to drop which can interfere with other equipment. In this study the researchers analysed the starting of a 3 phase induction motor using the direct on line system (DOL), star delta, and variable speed drive (VSD) both when the motor is free of charge and when the motor is loaded. Through this research can be seen the difference in the magnitude of current, voltage, power and THD. From the results of observations on the three types of 3 phase induction motor starting methods, it was shown that using a variable speed drive (VSD) altivar61 gave the largest decrease in current when compared to other systems.

Abstrak: Listrik merupakan kebutuhan dasar yang sangat penting untuk masyarakat dan memberikan kontribusi terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Agar listrik dapat diandalkan, penting untuk menghindari pemadaman listrik. Dalam studi ini, penulis menganalisis persentase pembebanan dan drop tegangan pada Jaringan Tegangan Rendah di gardu distribusi GA 0032, penyulang Wibrata. Kami menghitung persentase pembebanan pada luar waktu beban puncak (LWBP) dan waktu beban puncak (WBP) dan menentukan drop tegangan pada tiang listrik terakhir GA 0032. Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa perhitungan persentase pembebanan pada LWBP sebesar 59,89% dan pada WBP sebesar 81,51%. Total drop tegangan pada rentang arah B fase R sebesar 24,03 V atau 10,4%; fase S sebesar 10,36 V atau 4,36%; fase T sebesar 3,48V atau 1,51%. Sementara total drop tegangan pada rentang arah D fase R sebesar 3,48 V atau 1,51 %; fase S sebesar 2,14 V atau 0,93%; fase T sebesar 0,90 V atau 0,39%.