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Logging concessions in natural forest and industrial plantation forest are the main producers of logs in Indonesia. Several companies of industrial plantation forest have been successfully planted with fast-growing species such as Acacia mangium for pulpwood. These plantation forests have entered their annual harvesting period. Some options of timber harvesting machines such as forwarder, harvester, feller buncher, and excavator are chosen to remove timber from stump to the log landing site. The negative impact of such machines includes the loss of topsoil and soil compaction. The objectives of the research were to analysis soil compaction by excavator with log carrier in forwarding log from stump to landing site. Bulk density, cone index and deep of rut were measured after logging operation at the harvesting site at one of industrial plantation forest of South Kalimantan. The result showed that soil bulk density increase with the increase in the number of excavator with log carrier passes. The rut was formed on several places on the soil surface, particularly near landings and under the log carrier. The ground pressure of the excavator and log carrier caused the formation of the rut on the soil surface. Weight of excavator plus loads had caused pressure on the track of the contact with the ground. Rut formed and high soil bulk density indicated the soil compaction occurred by the harvesting operation.

<p>UD Jasa Hasil Diri (UD JHD) is a company in Indramayu which culture the white shrimp. UD JHD started this culture in 2003, and now UD JHD's dam out area has reach 26 ha. Total production of white shrimp in 2006 was 125,854.5 kg.  The production cost of white shrimp culture that must be spending by UD JHD reached IDR 2,842,427,294. This production cost was allocated to get all variable input such as: seed, food, calcium, fertilizer, vitamin, probiotic, medicine, labor, diesel fuel, and gasoline. The used of production input already in optimum condition. Based on the result of linear study for seed used was optimum at 7,830,667 tails, foods at 204,387.7 kg, calcium at 25,170.9 kg, fertilizer at 503.4 kg, vitamins at 75.5 kg, probiotic at 683.4 kg, medicines at 4,279.1 kg, harvests at 1,258.5 hours, diesel fuel at 104,459.2 liters, and gasoline at 1,200 liters. The cost of production input based on linear study was IDR 2,403,220,000. Thus, UD JHD could reduce this cost by IDR 439,207,294 to get 125,854.5 kg shrimps.</p> <p>Keywords: optimum, production input, cost, white shrimp</p> <p> </p> <p>ABSTRAK</p> <p>UD Jasa Hasil Diri (UD JHD) merupakan sebuah perusahan yang membudidayakan udang vaname di Indramayu.  Perusahaan ini memulai usahanya sejak tahun 2003, dan saat ini memiliki tambak seluas 26 ha.  Total produksi udang vaname pada tahun 2006 adalah 125.854,5 kg.  Biaya yang harus dikelurkan oleh UD JHD untuk memproduksi budidaya udang vaname mencapai Rp. 2.842.427.294.  Biaya produksi ini dialokasikan untuk memperoleh berbagai input produksi seperti benur, pakan, kalsium, pupuk, vitamin, probiotik, obat-obatan, tenaga kerja, solar dan bensin.  Penggunaan input produksi telah mencapai kondisi optimum.  Berdasarkan hasil uji linier, kondisi optimum untuk benih yang ditebar adalah 7.830.667 ekor, pakan sebanyak 204.387,7 kg, kalsium 25.170,9 kg, pupuk 503,4 kg, vitamin 75,5 kg, probiotik 683,4 kg, obat-obatan 4.279,1 kg, masa pemeliharaan 1.258,5 jam, solar 104.459,2 liter, and bensin 1.200 liter.  Berdasarkan analisis linier, biaya input produksi adalah Rp. 2.403.220.000.  Dengan demikian, UD JHD dapat menurunkan biaya menjadi Rp. 439,207,294 untuk memperoleh 125.854,5 kg udang vaname.</p> <p>Kata kunci: optimum, input produksi, biaya , udang vaname</p>

No abstract

<p>Pacific white shrimp is one of the primadona of fishery commodities. This shrimp is superior as it resists to diseases and also high productivity. Jati Hasil Diri (JHD) located in Cantigi Indramayu is one of the pacific white shrimp culture company. In order to develop the business, this company planned to extent their pond area from 26 to 42 Ha. This plan was therefore needed to be financially analyzed to confirm its feasibility. There were two different scenarios of area extension, first scenario was to extent pond area without any technical improvement, and the second scenario was to extent pond area with technical improvement. The result of the study shows that the pond area extension was feasible with NPV of Rp7.221.427.150,00  and  Rp29.867.006.067,00, the net B/C of  2,62 and 7,7  and  also the  IRR of 47,84%  and 146,55% for the first and second scenario, respectively. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the business is still feasible to be operated at a maximal of feed price the increase of 38,84% for the first scenario and 119,36% for the second scenario or if the shrimp price decrease with a maximum decrease of 18,81% and 41,12% at first and second scenario, respectively. The first business scenario is more sensitive as compare to the second scenario.</p> <p><em>Key words</em>: Pacific white shrimp, Cantigi Indramayu, pond, technical improvement, sensitivity analysis</p> <p> </p> <p>ABSTRAK</p> <p>Udang vaname merupakan salah satu komoditas perikanan yang menjadi primadona, karena keunggulannya yaitu tahan terhadap penyakit dan menghasilkan produktivitas yang cukup tinggi. Usaha Jati Hasil Diri (JHD) di Cantigi Indramayu adalah salah satu perusahaan yang bergerak dalam usaha budidaya udang vaname. Dalam rangka mengembangkan usahanya, perusahaan berencana untuk menambah  luas lahan tambaknya dari 26 Ha menjadi 42 Ha. Sehingga perlu dikaji melalui analisis kelayakan finansial, apakah penambahan luas lahan ini layak atau tidak untuk diusahakan. Pengembangan ini menggunakan dua skenario yaitu skenario pertama adalah perluasan lahan   tanpa ada perbaikan teknis dan skenario ke dua adalah   perluasan lahan yang disertai dengan perbaikan teknis. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan luas lahan  pada  Usaha JHD layak untuk diusahakan  dengan  nilai NPV  pada skenario 1 dan 2 masing-masing sebesar  Rp7.221.427.150,00 dan  Rp29.867.006.067,00, net B/C sebesar 2,62 dan 7,7 dan IRR sebesar 47,84% dan 146,55%. Analisis sensitivitas menunjukkan bahwa usaha masih layak dijalankan jika terjadi kenaikan harga pakan udang  pada skenario 1 maksimal sebesar 38,84%  dan skenario 2 sebesar 119,36%, sedangkan penurunan harga jual udang  vaname  maksimal pada skenario 1 sebesar 18,81% dan skenario 2 sebesar 41,12%.  Pengembangan usaha pada skenario 1 lebih sensitif dibandingkan skenario 2.</p> <p>Kata kunci: Udang vaname, Cantigi Indramayu, tambak, perbaikan teknis, analisis sensitivitas</p>