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Biomass based bioenergy has many advantages evidently as their available quantity and renewability, when compared to the petro-derived traditional fossil fuels. Thereby, such bioenergy occupies a vital role defensively to the global energy requirement as well as guarantee energy supply. On the other hand, it should be considered that the development of biomass based energy may lead to some serious environmental issues and those are only based on the published data. Such adverse environmental alterations, mainly erosion of soil organic carbon, greenhouse gas emissions, lessening of water quantity and quality, have mainly been based on type of biomass source utilized, location of the land, and management practices. Consequently, more attention should be paid towards environmental protection, while implementing the production of biomass based bioenergy. In this study, various types of biomass, its conversion technology, advantages and disadvantages and its environmental issues of bioenergy production in terms of adverse impact on water, air and soil along with protection measures have been discussed.

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