Our results suggest that increased WBC count and decreased RLC are associated with G3/4 and lung/GI irAEs. Our analysis was based on the data point at which irAE occurrence was noticed and, therefore, these factors are not predictive, however, they could be a "signal" of severe irAE occurrence in patients with melanoma treated with nivolumab.

RFA can be safely used for breast cancer and provides good local control and excellent cosmesis to patients with small breast cancers.

To clarify the roles of integrin and extracellular matrix (ECM) in the process of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) brain metastasis, we established an in vivo model of brain metastasis of human NSCLC cell line EBC-1/original in athymic mice, and established highly brain metastatic subclone EBC-1/brain and highly bone metastatic subclone EBC-1/bone. Integrin expression of these subclones was evaluated by flow cytometry. In vitro cell attachment, migration and proliferation assays with ECMs were performed using these subclones. Expression of integrin α α α α3 subunit was higher in EBC-1/brain than in both EBC-1/original and EBC-1/ bone. In vitro cell attachment, migration, and proliferation assays revealed that EBC-1/brain had higher affinity and higher reactivity to laminin than EBC-1/original and EBC-1/bone. Blocking of integrin α α α α3β β β β1 significantly (P < ung cancer patients often suffer from brain metastasis. Indeed, clinical data in Japan show that more than half of metastatic brain tumors originates from lung cancer, 1) implying that most lung cancers have high potential for metastasis to brain.

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The histoculture drug response assay appears to be applicable to non-small cell lung cancer for the prediction of responses to chemotherapy.