The degree of imperfection was defined as the independent intrinsic index of the degree of degraded contrast ratio for each component. The scattering index of liquid crystal layer gives an effective guideline for reducing light leakage intensity. By using this guideline, we have made an IPS‐Pro LCD with a uniform contrast ratio of 1500:1 within ±16.5° of polar angle.

The light leakage caused by color filters between crossed polarizers was analyzed in terms of light scattering due to pigments inside color filter layers. Localized pigment particles in the color filter layers used in devices were observed with a scanning transmission electron microscope. The direct observation of the scattering light revealed that the pigment particles cause Rayleigh scattering. We found that the depolarized light leakage by color filters between crossed polarizers is governed by light scattering.

Color tracking in an LCD, which is defined as chromaticity dependence on brightness, is analyzed in terms of the director configuration of liquid crystal with voltage. We have developed an Authentic-color IPS, using an optimized backlight and a lower retardation panel, which can avoid color tracking. The chromaticity difference between black and white representation is below the limit of perception.

We investigated light scattering properties of conventional liquid crystal layers by 651.8 nm laser illumination. The intensity of light scattering strongly depended on the incidence angle of illumination. Although the total light intensity changed with the ordinary refractive index n o , the extraordinary refractive index n e , their difference Án, the elastic constant K, and the thickness of the liquid crystal layers d, it was simply proportional to a specific variable S consisting of those values, as S ¼ Án 2 ðn e þ n o Þ 2 d=K.

55-in. 8K4K IPS-LCDs with wide viewing angle, high frame frequency, wide color gamut, and stereoscopic," Opt. Eng. 57 (7), 075102 (2018), Abstract. We have developed an 8K4K liquid-crystal display (LCD) with diagonal size of 55 inch with the backplane based on an amorphous silicon (a-Si) technology. The 8K4K-LCD has high frame frequency at 120 Hz, which is enabled by a unique technology to compensate the charging voltage of pixels. The achievement of a high resolution of 8K4K including high frame frequency of 120 Hz with a-Si backplanes is ground-breaking for LCDs. Furthermore, a backlight system with laser diode as light source expands the color gamut dramatically. This backlight system enables covering 99% of color space recommended in BT.2020. What is more, the 8K4K-LCD has evolved into a three-dimensional (3-D) display device by attaching a 3-D polarizing film. The vertical viewing angle of the 8K-3D LCD prototype is 8.6 deg at its optimal viewing position set to 1.2 m. © The Authors.Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.