The paper deals with the measurement of the benefits provided by natural resources, with particular reference to the tourist development of mountain areas. In fact, the possibility of measuring some of the benefits produced by the natural resources allows appropriate development strategies to be formulated. The second part of the paper presents possible solutions suggested for sustainable tourism in an area of the Pre-Alps between Veneto and Trentino. These solutions are a result of research carried out using the contingent valuation method. Critical information was gathered that enabled the adjustment of interventions in relation to both the actual opportunity and the benefits deriving from the natural resources studied.

In the increasing scientific debate about sustainable forest management, a crucial role is played by the development of adequate instruments of evaluation and survey. The current system of national accounts (SNA) underestimates the full value of forest resources and does not permit a correct evaluation of the total contribution of forests to economic welfare. The SNA reflects, partially, the consumption of forest natural capital or the costs of loss of forest quality. This is due to the fact that it registers only the value of produced outputs that are traded in the marketplace. The non-market functions provided by forests (recreational, aesthetic, ecological and protective) are definite ''non-SNA functions'' and are not taken into account. As many studies have demonstrated, forests have a higher value than that solely connected to production aspects. This paper focuses on the results of an attempt to correct the accounting system in order to estimate and integrate the benefits of non-traded-goods and services provided by forests ARTICLE IN PRESS www.elsevier.de/jfe 1104-6899/$ -see front matter

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The idea that landscape fulfils many different functions and provides multiple benefits for human society is gaining strength. This new vision of landscape changes both, the interests and the needs of the persons involved and the use and management of the landscape itself. The objective of this paper is to study landscape conservation in a particular mountainous area of Italy, which requires an institutional, non-generic approach. Using the contingent valuation method, we investigated whether there is a relationship between experts' and casual observers' evaluations of ten different scenarios in the Leno Valleys. Results show that direct knowledge of the site characteristics increases the awareness of the importance of the site, significantly impacting on conservation choices and strategies.

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