Cabbage cultivars currently cultivated present high yield potential and may present differences regarding absorption and use of nutrients. Thus, studies quantifying plant growth and nutrient accumulation are the basis to improve fertilization efficiency and optimize yield. This study aimed to determine the dry matter and nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) accumulation curve of cabbage cultivars during two growing seasons. Cultivars Astrus Plus and Green Valley were cultivated during summer-autumn crop season, while Astrus Plus and Fênix during the autumn-winter crop season. Plants were sampled after transplanting at 10-day intervals until harvest. Dry matter and nutrient accumulations are variable with growing season and cultivar. The highest dry matter and nutrient accumulation rates occur in the last ten days of the cycle. Fertilizations with N, P, K, Fe, and Zn should receive more attention due to higher harvest indices.

The efficiency of phosphate fertilization may be reduced by incorporating the fertilizer to the soil using a rotary tiller, which is a method commonly adopted to grow vegetables. This study aimed to evaluate the yield of cabbage crop and the efficiency of phosphate fertilization based on rates and application methods of P to the soil. Four experiments were carried out [two using broadcasting application (0 kg ha-1, 200 kg ha-1, 400 kg ha-1, 800 kg ha-1 and 1,600 kg ha-1 of P2O5) and two using localized application (0 kg ha-1, 80 kg ha-1, 160 kg ha-1, 320 kg ha-1 and 640 kg ha-1 of P2O5, combined with the presence or absence of phosphating - application of 200 kg ha-1 of P2O5 by broadcasting)] in two growing sites [one with low (A) and another with high (B) content of P, both showing a very clayey texture]. The rates of 252 kg ha-1 and 284 kg ha-1 of P2O5 were estimated to obtain the maximum economic productivity in the broadcasting application at the sites A and B, respectively. The best rates were 183 kg ha-1 and 146 kg ha-1 of P2O5 with the localized application of P without phosphating at the sites A and B, respectively. To obain 95 % of maximum yield, the recovery efficiency was 48.9 % and 30.0 % at the sites A and B, respectively. For the localized application of P in the absence of phosphating, these values were 44.6 % and 60.4 % at the sites A and B, respectively. With phosphating, the recovery efficiency decreased significantly. The localized application of P is more efficient than the broadcasting application to supply nutrients and increase the cabbage yield.

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