Cedera kepala adalah cedera mengenai kepala secara mekanik langsung atau tidak langsung. Cedera kepala dapat menyebabkan gangguan neurologis, lesi di kulit kepala, fraktur di tulang tengkorak, robekan di selaput otak, dan kerusakan jaringan otak. Cedera kepala ringan bila penilaian skor Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) 13-15. Computed Tomography Scanner (CT-Scan) adalah pemeriksaan cedera kepala yang mutakhir, sederhana, cepat dikerjakan, dan tidak invasif. CT-Scan dapat memberi penjelasan mengenai proses trauma diantaranya menilai adanya fraktur intrakranial, perdarahan, dan tekanan intrakranial akibat perdarahan. Menilai tanda dan gejala berdasarkan GCS dihubungkan dengan gambaran CT-Scan akan berguna mendiagnosis kelainan kranial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara CT-Scan dan hasil nilai skor Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) 13-15 pada pasien cedera kepala ringan di RS Dustira Cimahi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan pengambilan data sekunder sesuai kriteria inklusi yang diambil dari rekam medik pasien. Analisis data menggunakan korelasi Spearman dengan p<0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pasien yang didiagnosis cedera kepala ringan di Radiologi Rumah Sakit Dustira Cimahi selama bulan Januari sampai dengan Desember tahun 2018 sebanyak 146 pasien, terdapat 68 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi yang melakukan CT-Scan. Gambaran hasil CT Scan pada pasien cedera kepala ringan terbanyak adalah perdarahan yaitu sejumlah 43 orang (63,24 %), gambaran CT scan dengan hasil normal ditemukan sebanyak 21 orang (30,88%), dan gambaran CT scan dengan hasil fraktur ditemukan sebanyak 4 orang (5,88%). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terdapat korelasi yang bermakna dengan p=0,026 antara hasil CT-Scan kepala pasien dengan derajat cedera kepala ringan dengan Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS).

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2). Anyone could have asymptomatic to severe symptoms. Radiological examinations, such as X-rays and CT-Scans, are needed. CT-Scan thorax is an examination to assess the progression, severity, and comorbidities based on the consensus of the Radiology Society of North America (RSNA). This study aims to find out the suitability of the results of CT-Scan thorax examination with clinical symptoms of COVID-19 patients at Karawang Hospital in 2020-2021 period. The study used a crosssectional design with consecutive sampling method. The results of data collection obtained 19 patients, with 13 patients included in inclusion and exclusion criteria. Statistical test using kappa test. The results showed that criteria for age of 50-59 years were 6 people (46.2%) and mostly found in men (61.5%). Moderatesevere symptoms for clinical symptoms criteria in 8 people (61.5%) were found. The characteristics of thorax CT-Scan showed an image of GGO, consolidation, crazy paving pattern, a halo sign in 9 people (69.2%), and thickening of blood vessels in 5 people (38.5%). Based on consensus of RSNA, indeterminate-typical were found in 9 people (69.2%). The results of the kappa test analysis showed conformity with the value of k = 0.675. This research shows the suitability of the results of thorax CT-scan based on RSNA consensus with clinical symptoms of COVID-19.

Osteosarcoma is a highly malignant primary tumor on bone that mainly attacks children and young adolescents. Until now, osteosarcoma therapy still combines some high costs and invasive therapy modalities that may give side effects, such as pain and nausea. Our previous studies suggested that non-contact electric field has anti-proliferative effect on breast cancer cells, in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we were interested studying alternating current electric field effects on osteosarcoma cells progression as well as its potential cytotoxic effects. MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells were cultured and treated with 200 kHz for 6 days. Several genes of interest including p53, p21, MDM2, caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 were analyzed using real-time qPCR method. Apoptotic index was measured using flow-cytometry assay. Apoptosis was observed through p53-independent p21 pathway (p = 0.011). Cells undergoing apoptosis through internal pathways were shown by the increase of caspase-3 (p = 0.015) and caspase-9 (p = 0.001) levels, but not caspase-8 (p = 0.080). This treatment has successfully reduced the number of living osteosarcoma cells by 14.7% (p = 0.000) and increased cell death up to 4.26% (p = 0.055). Apoptotic index was markedly increased to 16% (p = 0.001). 200 kHz non-contact electric field exposure can disrupt osteosarcoma progression through disruption of normal cell cycle via p53-independent p21 pathway and induction of apoptosis.

Iatrogenic spinal injury resulting in paraplegia or paraparesis after surgical correction of scoliosis deformity is a rare complication but is very detrimental to the patient. Intraoperative Neuromonitoring (IOM) has become the gold standard to monitor surgical procedures which has potential risks to damage the spinal cord. This study aimed to retrospectively analyze the role of IOM in predicting the severity and extent of neurological injury during and after spinal correction surgery in adult idiopathic scoliosis cases related to surgical variables. This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Hospital, Fatmawati Central Hospital, and dr. Drajat Prawiranegara General Hospital during the period of 20 March 2018 to 20 August 2019. The primary outcomes were intraoperative monitoring status and post-operative neurological deficits status. Confounder data on scoliosis correction degree, intraoperative hemorrhage, and type of anesthesia used during surgery were retrieved. Chi-Square statistic was used in the analysis. Out of the ninety three patients eligible for this study, twenty two patients was detected as positive in IOM assessment. Four of the patients were found to be positive for post-operative neuromuscular defect. Thereby it can be concluded that IOM procedure can effectively prevent neurological deficits post-surgery with 81.8% specificity and 95.7% sensitivity among thosepositively detected by IOM. Some of the factors that could potentially influence false positive IOM results such as anesthetic used; dosage and administration procedures; magnitude of the scoliosis correction angle; and amount of bleeding during surgery have to be carefully analyzed.

Annona muricata (soursop) is a plant belonging to the Annonaceae family. It's a medicinal herb that's been used for centuries as a natural cure for a number of diseases. Several investigations in animals showed that the bark and leaves of the plant possessed antihypertensive, vasodilator, anti-spasmodic, and cardio depressive. However, research on soursop fruit is still limited. This study aims to investigate the effect of soursop fruit ethanolic extract on blood glucose, total and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels in high fat diet and alloxan-induced rats (Rattus novergicus). The study was done experimentally with pre and posttest control group design using 30 rats divided into 6 groups consisted of normal group with standard diet, and five groups induced by high fat diet and alloxan then given 0.9 mg/kg of simvastatin, 0.5 mg/kg glibenclamide, 250 and 500 mg/kg of soursop fruit ethanolic extract (SFEE), and one diabetic hyperglycmia group as positive control without treatment. Blood glucose, total and LDL cholesterol levels measurement was conducted after 21 days of treatment. Data was analyzed using dependent t-test. Results shows significant reduction in blood glucose, total and LDL cholesterol level within treatment groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, 500 mg/kg SFEE has roughly the same effectiveness as 0.9 mg/kg of simvastatin in reducing the total cholesterol level (p > 0.05), but not for LDL cholesterol. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of 250 and 500 mg/kg SFEE in lowering blood glucose levels is the same as glibenclamide (p > 0.05). In conclusion, SFEE shows hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic effect on both dosages.