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The article presents the results of the theoretical analysis of the main aspects of sports training in cyclic sports. To effectively solve the problem of training in cyclical sports, it is necessary to study the laws of the reaction of the body of athletes, including the processes of fatigue and recovery in response to the physical exertion of various directions. It is very important to individualize the training process, taking into account the functional state and reserve adaptive capabilities of the body. The authors identify such reasons that influence the development of cyclical sports as socio-economic and political transformations that are constantly taking place in Russia; demographic changes caused by the decline in the population of Russia due to the collapse of the Soviet Union; structural and organizational reasons that suggest the existence of an outdated system for training highly qualified athletes, the lack of modern centers and bases for Olympic training, an effective management system for Olympic training in General, and a targeted policy for training coaches and sports and medical personnel. The technological reasons that arose as a result of a sharp reduction in targeted research in all branches of sports science and an archaic mechanism for the development and implementation of effective innovative technologies are revealed. There is a significant lag in the medical and biological provision of training for Olympic athletes, etc. The analysis showed that the lag in the structural, organizational, and technological blocks of Olympic training is caused by a decrease in the effectiveness of scientific research.

The article considers the main factors of polyathlon picked team of cadets formation taking into account the specificity of educational establishment of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The article reveals the urgency of sports training reconsideration with the necessity determination to correlate all sides of cadets professional training with the main kind of physical and functional components segregation. We defined the importance of polyathlon for physical training integration, as the main, in the system of educational establishment. We revealed the factor, which influences the picked team of cadets formation for taking part in the main starts. The stages of the picked team formation are revealed with the main training means distribution. We created model characteristics of physical working capacity and aerobic productivity of cadets in age-related aspect.

Cyclic kinds of sport demand high functional readiness of athletes. A typical feature of competitive activity in cyclic kinds of sport is three regimes of physical load combination. Their ratio at the distance conditions high level of physical working capacity. At the same time, it is very important to provide organism with oxygen, which influences the level of aerobic productivity. In this case the dynamics of heart rate indices during the control distance overcoming can be the source of urgent information about organism adaptation to the loads of different volume and regime.